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Why is so much writing so bad, and how can we make it better? Is the English language being corrupted by texting and social media? Do the kids today even care about good writing—and why should we care? From the author of The Better Angels of Our Nature and Enlightenment Now.
In this entertaining and eminently practical book, the cognitive scientist, dictionary consultant, and New York Times–bestselling author Steven Pinker rethinks the usage guide for the twenty-first century. Using examples of great and gruesome modern prose while avoiding the scolding tone and Spartan tastes of the classic manuals, he shows how the art of writing can be a form of pleasurable mastery and a fascinating intellectual topic in its own right. The Sense of Style is for writers of all kinds, and for readers who are interested in letters and literature and are curious about the ways in which the sciences of mind can illuminate how language works at its best.

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47. White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President on the Supreme Court’s Ruling on Arizona v. the United States,” June 25, 2012.

48. D. Gelernter, “Feminism and the English language,” Weekly Standard, March 3, 2008; G. K. Pullum, “Lying feminist ideologues wreck English language, says Yale prof,” Language Log, 2008, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl /languagelog/archives/005423.html.

49. Foertsch & Gernsbacher, 1997.

50. From G. K. Pullum, “Lying feminist ideologues wreck English language, says Yale prof,” Language Log, 2008, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl /languagelog/archives/005423.html, and Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, 1994.

51. Foertsch & Gernsbacher, 1997.

52. From G. J. Stigler, “The intellectual and the market place,” Selected Papers No. 3, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago, 1967.

53. H. Churchyard, “Everyone loves their Jane Austen,” http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html.

54. G. K. Pullum, “Singular they with known sex,” Language Log, 2006, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002742.html.

55. Pinker, 1994, chap. 12.

56. Foertsch & Gernsbacher, 1997; Sanforth & Filik, 2007; M. Liberman, “Prescriptivist science,” Language Log, 2008, http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=199.

57. Huddleston & Pullum, 2002, pp. 608–609.

58. Nunberg, 1990; Nunberg, Briscoe, & Huddleston, 2002.

59. Truss, 2003; L. Menand, “Bad comma,” New Yorker, June 28, 2004; Crystal, 2006; J. Mullan, “The war of the commas,” The Guardian, July 1, 2004, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/02/referenceandlanguages .johnmullan.

60. Huddleston & Pullum, 2002; Huddleston & Pullum, 2005, p. 188.

61. Lunsford, 2006; Lunsford & Lunsford, 2008; B. Yagoda, “The most comma mistakes,” New York Times, May 21, 2012; B. Yagoda, “Fanfare for the comma man,” New York Times, April 9, 2012.

62. B. Yagoda, “Fanfare for the comma man,” New York Times, April 9, 2012.

63. M. Norris, “In defense of ‘nutty’ commas,” New Yorker, April 12, 2010.

64. Lunsford, 2006; Lunsford & Lunsford, 2008; B. Yagoda, “The most comma mistakes,” New York Times, May 21, 2012.

65. The examples that follow are from Wikipedia, “Serial comma.”

66. Siegal & Connolly, 1999.

67. At least according to the New York Times Manual of Style and Usage (Siegal & Connolly, 1999). Other manuals make an exception to this exception for classical names ending in – as or – us , and then make an exception to the exception to the exception for Jesus —but he would get by without the ’s by virtue of the sound of his name anyway.

68. Pullum, 1984.

69. B. Yagoda, “The rise of ‘logical punctuation,’” Slate , May 12, 2011.

70. D. F. Wallace, “Tense present: Democracy, English, and the wars over usage,” Harper’s, April 2001; D. Gelernter, “Feminism and the English language,” Weekly Standard, March 3, 2008; J. Simon, Paradigms lost (New York: Clarkson Potter, 1980), p. 97; J. Simon, “First foreword,” in Fiske, 2011, p. ix; Fiske, 2011, p. 213; Truss, 2003.

71. G. K. Pullum, “Lying feminist ideologues wreck English, says Yale prof,” Language Log, 2008, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/005423.html. See also M. Liberman, “At a loss for lexicons,” Language Log, 2004, http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000437.html.

72. Deck & Herson, 2010.

73. Kahneman, Slovic, & Tversky, 1982; Schacter, 2001.

74. K. A. McDonald, “Many of Mark Twain’s famed humorous sayings are found to have been misattributed to him,” Chronicle of Higher Education, Sept. 4, 1991, A8.

75. Haidt, 2012; Pinker, 2011, chap. 8.

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Bever, T. G. 1970. The cognitive basis for linguistic structures. In J. R. Hayes (ed.), Cognition and the development of language . New York: Wiley.

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Cabinet Office Behavioural Insights Team. 2012. Applying behavioural insights to reduce fraud, error and debt . London: Cabinet Office Behavioural Insights Team.

Camerer, C., Lowenstein, G., & Weber, M. 1989. The curse of knowledge in economic settings: An experimental analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 97 , 1232–1254.

Chomsky, N. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

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Clark, H. H., & Clark, E. V. 1968. Semantic distinctions and memory for complex sentences. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20 , 129–138.

Connors, R. J., & Lunsford, A. A. 1988. Frequency of formal errors in current college writing, or Ma and Pa Kettle do research. College Composition and Communication, 39, 395–409.

Cooper, W. E., & Ross, J. R. 1975. World order. In R. E. Grossman, L. J. San, & T. J. Vance (eds.), Papers from the parasession on functionalism of the Chicago Linguistics Society . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Copperud, R. H. 1980. American usage and style: The consensus . New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Crystal, D. 2006. The fight for English: How language pundits ate, shot, and left . New York: Oxford University Press.

Cushing, S. 1994. Fatal words: Communication clashes and aircraft crashes . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Daniels, H. A. 1983. Famous last words: The American language crisis reconsidered . Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.

Deck, J., & Herson, B. D. 2010. The great typo hunt: Two friends changing the world, one correction at a time . New York: Crown.

Duncker, K. 1945. On problem solving. Psychological Monographs, 58 .

Eibach, R. P., & Libby, L. K. 2009. Ideology of the good old days: Exaggerated perceptions of moral decline and conservative politics. In J. T. Jost, A. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification . Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Epley, N. 2014. Mindwise: (Mis)understanding what others think, believe, feel, and want . New York: Random House.

Fischhoff, B. 1975. Hindsight ≠ foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 288–299.

Fiske, R. H. 2011. Robert Hartwell Fiske’s Dictionary of Unendurable English . New York: Scribner.

Florey, K. B. 2006. Sister Bernadette’s barking dog: The quirky history and lost art of diagramming sentences . New York: Harcourt.

Flynn, J. R. 2007. What is intelligence? New York: Cambridge University Press.

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