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См., напр.: Donahue A. Population of Female Inmates Reaches Record // USA Today. 1997. July 21; Steffensmeier D., Allan E. Criminal Behavior. P. 85.

25CaIdicott H. Missile Envy. New York: William Morruv,, 1984; Ehrenreich B. The Violence Debate since Adam and Eve // Test the West: Gender Democracy and Violence. Vienna: Federal Minister of Women's Affairs, 1994. P.

34.

"\f

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7 Halberstam D. The Best and the Brightest, New York: Random House, 1972. P. 531.

2Я

Цит. по: Easlea B. Fathering the Unthinkable: Masculinity, Scientists and the Nuclear Arms Race. London: Pluto Press, 1983. P. 117; см. также: Easlea B. Patriarchy, Scientists and Nuclear Warriors // Beyond Patriarchy: Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change Ed. M.Kaufman. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987; Stone I.F. Machismo in Washington / Men and Masculinity / Ed. J.Pleck, J.Sawyer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1974; Cohn C. «Clean 449

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J.B.Elshtain. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1990. P. 137.

29 Cohn C, «Clean Bombs» and Clean Language. P. 35.

30 Ewing W. The Civic Advocacy of Violence // Men's Lives / Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

Слова матери Джексона цит. по: Butterfield F. All God's Children. P. 11; см. также: The Civilization of Crime /

Ed. E.A.Johnson, E.H.Monkkonen. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996; Courtwright D. Violent Land: Single Men and Social Disorder from the Frontier to the Inner City. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. См.

также трилогию Р.Слоткина: Slotkin R. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600—1860. New York: Atheneum, 1973; Idem. The Fatal Environment: The Myth of the Frontier in the Age of Industrialization. New York: Atheneum, 1985; Idem. Gunfighter Nation: The Myth of the Frontier in Twentieth Century America. New York: Atheneum, 1992.

32 Mead M. And Keep Your Powder Dry. New York: William Morrow, 1965. P. 151, 157.

33 Puffer J.A. The Boy and His Gang. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1912. P. 91.

34 Gilligan J. Violence. New York: Putnam, 1996.

35 Butterfield F. All God's Children. P. 206-207; Roane K. New York Gangs Mimic California Original //The New York Times. 1997. September 14. P. A37; другие цитаты см.: Katz J. Seductions of Crime. P. 88, 107; Seidler V.

Raging Bull // Achilles Heel. 1980. № 5. P. 9; Toch H. Hypermasculinity and Prison Violence // Masculinities and Violence / Ed. L.Bowker. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1998. P. 170.

36 Данные см.: The New York Times. 1997. August 25; United States Department of Justice. Family Violence, 1997; Siegel R. The «Rule of Love»: Wife Beating as Prerogative and Privacy // Yale Law Journal. 1996. Vol. 105.

№ 8 (June); Rhode D. Speaking of Sex: The Denial of Gender Inequality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. P. 108; Stephenson J. Men Are Not Cost Effective. P. 285; Websdale N., Chesney-Lind M. Doing Violence to Women: Research Synthesis on the Victimization of Women // Masculinities and Violence / Ed. L.Bowker.

Sanday P.R. Female Power and Male Dominance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981; цит. по: Baron L., Straus M. Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis // Social Problems. 1987. Vol. 34. № 5. P. 481.

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См., напр.: Scully D. Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists. New York: HarperCollins, 1990; Russell D. Rape in Marriage. New York: Macmillan, 1982; Idem. Sexual Exploitation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1984; Rhode D. Speaking of Sex. P. 119-120; Johnson A. On the Prevalence of Rape in the United States // Signs. 1980. Vol. 6. № 1. P.

145. Еще об этом см.: Scully D., Marolla J. «Riding the Bull at Gilley's»: Convicted Rapists Describe the Rewards of Rape //

Social Problems. 1985. № 32.

450

39 United States Department of Justice. Child Rape Victims, 1992 (NCJ-147001). June 1994; Kanin E. False Rape Allegations // Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1994. Vol. 23. № 1.

40 Johnson A. On the Prevalence of Rape in the United States // Signs. 1980. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 145; Scully D.

Understanding Sexual Violence. P. 53.

1 Koss M., Gidycz Ch.A., Misniewski N. The Scope of Rape: Incidence and Prevalence of Sexual Aggression and Victimization in a National Sample of Higher Education Students // Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

1987. Vol. 55. № 2.

2 Briere J., Malamuth N. Self-Reported Likelihood of Sexually Aggressive Behavior: Attitudinal versus Sexual Explanations // Journal of Research in Personality. 1983. № 17; Tieger T. Self-Rated Likelihood of Raping and Social Perception of Rape //Journal of Research in Personality. 1991. № 15.

Herman J.L. Considering Sex Offenders: A Model of Addiction // Signs.

1988. Vol. 13; Lefkowitz B. Our Guys: The Glen Ridge Rape and the Secret Life of the Perfect Suburb. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997; Terry D. Gang Rape of Three Girls Leaves Fresno Shaken and Questioning //

The New York Times. 1998. April 28; Hood J. «Let's Get a Girl»: Male Bonding Rituals in America // Men's Lives /

Ed. M.Kimmel, M.Messner. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1997.

44 Scully D. Understanding Sexual Violence. P. 74, 140, 159, 166.

45 Beneke T. Men on Rape. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982. P. 81.

46 Straus M. et al. Behind Closed Doors. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor, 1981.

Russell D. Rape in Marriage. New York: Macmillan, 1982; FinklehorD., Yllo K. License to Rape: Sexual Abuse of Wives. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1985. P. 208, 217. О совершаемых мужьями изнасилованиях

см. также: Berger R.K. Wife Rape: Understanding the Response of Survivors und Service Providers. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1996; Buckborough A.L. Family Law: Recent Developments in the Law of Marital Rape // Annual Survey of American Law. 1989; To Have and To Hold: The Marital Rape Exemption and the Fourteenth Amendment // Harvard Law Review. 1986. Vol. 99.

48 РДжеллз цит. по: Schulman J. Battered Women Score Major Victories in New Jersey and Massachusetts Marital Rape Cases // Clearinghouse Review. 1981. Vol. 15. № 4. P. 345,

Ehrenreich B. The Violence Debate since Adam and Eve // Test the West: Gender Democracy and Violence.

Vienna: Federal Minister of Women's Affairs, 1994. P. 30.

50 Bachman R., Saltzman L.E. Violence against Women: A National Crime Victimization Survey Report (NCJ No.

154348). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1994; Physical Violence in American Families Ed. M.Straus, R.Gelles. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990; Kellerman A.L., Marcy J.A. Men, Women and Murder: Gender Specific Differences in Rates of Fatal Violence and Victimization / Journal of Trauma. 1992. Vol. 33. № 1; Stark E., Flitcraft A. Violence among Intimates: An 451

Epidemiological Review // Handbook of Family Violence / Ed. V. van Hasselt et al. New York: Plenum, 1988.

51 Dobash R.E., Dobash R., Wilson M., Daly M. The Myth оГ Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence // Social Problems.

1992. Vol. 39. P. 81; Dobash R.E., Dobash R. Violence against Wives. New York: The Free Press,

1979; The Case of Wife Beating //Journal of Family Issues. 1981. № 2.

52 DeKeserdy W., Schwartz M. Contemporary Criminology. Mountain View, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1996.