Hampton Sides - Hellhound on His Trail - The Stalking of Martin Luther King, Jr. And the International Hunt for His Assassin

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NATIONAL BESTSELLER
,
,
,
,
,
Edgar Award Nominee
One of the Best Books of the Year:
From the acclaimed bestselling author of
and
, a taut, intense narrative about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the largest manhunt in American history. On April 23, 1967, Prisoner #416J, an inmate at the notorious Missouri State Penitentiary, escaped in a breadbox. Fashioning himself Eric Galt, this nondescript thief and con man—whose real name was James Earl Ray—drifted through the South, into Mexico, and then Los Angeles, where he was galvanized by George Wallace’s racist presidential campaign. On February 1, 1968, two Memphis garbage men were crushed to death in their hydraulic truck, provoking the exclusively African American workforce to go on strike. Hoping to resuscitate his faltering crusade, King joined the sanitation workers’ cause, but their march down Beale Street, the historic avenue of the blues, turned violent. Humiliated, King fatefully vowed to return to Memphis in April. With relentless storytelling drive, Sides follows Galt and King as they crisscross the country, one stalking the other, until the crushing moment at the Lorraine Motel when the drifter catches up with his prey. Against the backdrop of the resulting nationwide riots and the pathos of King’s funeral, Sides gives us a riveting cross-cut narrative of the assassin’s flight and the sixty-five-day search that led investigators to Canada, Portugal, and England—a massive manhunt ironically led by Hoover’s FBI. Magnificent in scope, drawing on a wealth of previously unpublished material, this nonfiction thriller illuminates one of the darkest hours in American life—an example of how history is so often a matter of the petty bringing down the great. Amazon.com Review Amazon Best Books of the Month, April 2010
Hellhound on His Trail
Hellhound on His Trail
--Lynette Mong David Grann Reviews *Hellhound on His Trail
David Grann is most recently the author of
as well as the #1
bestseller
. Read his review of
:
Hampton Sides has long been one of the great narrative nonfiction writers of our time, excavating essential pieces of American history--from the daring rescue of POWs during World War II to the settling of the West--and bringing them vividly to life. Now in his new book,
, he applies his enormous gifts to one of the most important and heart-wrenching chapters in U.S. history: the stalking and assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., by James Earl Ray. The book chronicles the terrifying collision of these two figures. In 1967, King was struggling to complete his monumental Civil Rights crusade and to maintain, amid the rise of more militant factions, the movement’s nonviolent nobility. While King increasingly intuits his own death, Ray has begun to track him down. Through Sides’ prodigious research, Ray emerges as one of the eeriest characters, a prison escapee and racist who wears alligator shoes and is constantly transforming himself, changing names and physical appearances. He is determined to become somebody, to insert himself into the national consciousness, through a single unthinkable act of violence. Sides illuminates not only the forces that culminated in King’s assassination; he also reveals the largely forgotten story of how his death led to the largest manhunt in American history. Almost unfathomably, it is J. Edgar Hoover, the person who had long hoped for King’s destruction and had even spied on him, who ultimately brings King’s killer to justice. Hellhound on His Trail

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55 "He said many insulting things":A good overview of the incident at Casa Susana is in HSCA, Final Assassinations Report , pp. 328-29.

56 "I'm going to kill them":This and other details of the confrontation with the black sailors are in an official interview with Medrano, HSCA, Appendix Reports , vol. 4, p. 158. Also p. 174.

57 he straddled Elisa:McMillan, Making of an Assassin , p. 269.

58 He had a mirror:Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 97.

59 "I couldn't accomplish anything":Ray, Tennessee Waltz , p. 61.

60 "I don't believe you can live in Mexico":Ray interview, HSCA, Appendix Reports , vol. 9, p. 488.

61 in the direction of Tijuana:Ray, Tennessee Waltz , p. 62.

CHAPTER 4

ANATHEMA TO EVIL MEN

62 Burrhead--that was one of his many names:Garrow, FBI and Martin Luther King Jr. , p. 106.

63 "Based on King's recent activities":Ibid., p. 182.

64 weird phobias:Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover , p. 280.

65 "mental halitosis":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 67.

66 "a mythical person":Buchwald, quoted in Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 395.

67 "Are you familiar":Capote, quoted in Hersh, Bobby and J. Edgar , p. 464.

68 "You must understand":Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover , p. 501.

69 "Watch the borders":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 95.

70 Helen Gandy:Ibid., p. 109.

71 "high and distant and quiet":Hugh Sidey, Life , May 12, 1972.

72 "transformed the FBI":Jack Anderson, Washington Post , May 3, 1972.

73 "dangerous and rather a psycho":Robert Kennedy, quoted in Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 397.

74 "I'd rather have him":Ibid., p. 393.

75 "J. Edgar Hoover is a hero":President Johnson, Executive Order 11154, May 8, 1965, quoted in Ralph de Toledano, J. Edgar Hoover: The Man in His Time (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973), p. 301.

76 "is a pillar of strength":Johnson, quoted in Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover , p. 611.

77 "the most notorious liar": Newsweek , Nov. 30, 1964.

78 "They had to dig deep":Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 416.

79 "top alley cat":Garrow, FBI and Martin Luther King Jr. , p. 121.

80 "I am amazed":Ibid., p. 121.

81 "There are as many Communists":King 1965 interview in Playboy , quoted in Dyson, I May Not Get There with You , p. 231.

82 "a tom cat":Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 417.

83 "narrow his eyes":DeLoach, Hoover's FBI , p. 203.

84 "saw extramarital sex":Ibid.

85 "if the country knew":Hersh, Bobby and J. Edgar , p. 386.

86 "I don't understand":Ibid., p. 379.

87 "King, look into your heart":Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power , p. 420.

88 "They are out to break me":Garrow, FBI and Martin Luther King Jr. , p. 134.

89 "Hoover is old":Ibid., p. 124.

CHAPTER 5

DIXIE WEST

90 the Cicero of the Cabdriver:The reporter James Dickenson, quoted in Lesher, George Wallace , p. 395.

91 "bit himself":Ibid., p. 401.

92 "the surly orphan":Frady, Wallace , p. 253.

93 "pointy-headed intellectuals":Carter, Politics of Rage , p. 313.

94 "the nigra would still be in Africa":Ibid., p. 161.

95 "Let 'em call me a racist":Frady, Wallace , p. 9.

96 "a fraud, marching and going to jail":Lesher, George Wallace , p. 184.

97 "who could go to bed":Ibid., p. 199.

98 "the blood of our little children": New York Times , Sept. 17, 1963, pp. 1, 25.

99 "how costly Wallace":Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down , p. 357.

100 "He has just four [speeches]":King to Dan Rather, quoted in Carter, Politics of Rage , p. 156.

101 "In both the North and South": Life , Aug. 2, 1968, pp. 17-21.

102 "The capital of Alabama": Wall Street Journal , Dec. 7, 1967.

103 "political ventriloquism":Carter, Politics of Rage , p. 294.

CHAPTER 6

THE GRADUATE

104 "A nice fellow":This "graduation" scene is primarily drawn from FBI interviews with Tomas Lau and former students at the bartending school. See "Investigation of International School of Bartending, Los Angeles, Attended by Galt from January 19, 1968, to March 2, 1968," FBI, MURKIN Files, 2325, sec. 22, pp. 135-36. I have also relied here on Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 117; Posner, Killing the Dream , p. 214; and Ray, "20,000 Words," in House Select Committee on Assassinations, Appendix Reports , vol. 12.

105 St. Francis Hotel:My description of the St. Francis Hotel is drawn from Huie, He Slew the Dreamer , p. 99, and my own visit to the former hotel--now an apartment house--on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

106 he had amphetamines:There are several telltale signs that Ray continued his amphetamine use after escaping from Jeff City, including the discovery, several months later, of a syringe in his bed-and-breakfast room in London. Charles Stein, an acquaintance of Ray's in Los Angeles, told the FBI that Ray may have been "a pillhead." See FBI interview with Stein, May 5, 1968, MURKIN Files, 2751-2925.

107 fizzly neon sign:The large orange neon sign outside the St. Francis is mentioned in multiple documents and books, including Posner's Killing the Dream , p. 210.

108 recently bought himself a set of barbells:Frank, American Death , p. 168.

109 "I don't think that a man":McKinley, "Interview with James Earl Ray," p. 174.

110 "to get his knob polished":McMillan, Making of an Assassin , p. 267.

111 "I find myself attracted":McKinley, "Interview with James Earl Ray," p. 76.

112 "He was the withdrawn type":My rendering of Galt's lessons at the National Dance Studio is largely drawn from the FBI report "Investigation at National Dance Studio, Long Beach, California, Where Galt Attended Classes, December 1967 to February 1968." Also, FBI interview with Arvidson, National Dance Studio, April 13, 1968, MURKIN Files, 1051-1175, sec. 9, pp. 276-77.

113 "overcome his shyness":My account of Ray's visits with Freeman is primarily drawn from the journalist George McMillan's transcription of his interviews with Freeman, box 9, McMillan Papers.

114 "He had the old power idea":Frank, American Death , p. 308. Also, Posner, Killing the Dream , p. 196.

115 "He was a good pupil":McMillan, Making of an Assassin , p. 275. See also FBI interview with Freeman, April 19, 1968, Los Angeles field office.

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