Genome - Matt Ridley

Huntington's disease. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 61: 615—26.

3. Huntington, G. (1872). On chorea. Medical and Surgical Reporter 26: 3 1 7 - 2 1 .

4. Wexler, N. (1992). Clairvoyance and caution: repercussions from the Human Genome Project. In The code of codes (ed. D. Kevles and L. Hood), pp. 211-43. Harvard University Press.

5. Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group (1993). A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell 72: 971—83.

6. Goldberg, Y. P. et al. (1996). Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapop-totic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract. Nature Genetics 13: 442-9; DiFiglia, M., Sapp, E., Chase, K. O., Davies, S. W., Bates, G. P., Vonsattel, J. P. and Aronin, N. (1997). Aggregation of huntingtin in neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites in brain. Science 277: 1990-93.

7. Kakiuza, A. (1998). Protein precipitation: a common etiology in neurodegenerative disorders? Trends in genetics 14: 398—402.

8. Bat, O., Kimmel, M. and Axelrod, D. E. (1997). Computer simulation of expansions of DNA triplet repeats in the fragile-X syndrome and Huntington's disease. Journal of Theoretical Biology 188: 53—67.

9. Schweitzer, J. K. and Livingston, D. M. (1997). Destabilisation of CAG

trinucleotide repeat tracts by mismatch repair mutations in yeast. Human Molecular Genetics 6: 349—55.

10. Mangiarini, L. (1997). Instability of highly expanded CAG repeats in mice transgenic for the Huntington's disease mutation. Nature Genetics 15: 197-200; Bates, G. P., Mangiarini, L., Mahal, A. and Davies, S. W. (1997).

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Transgenic models of Huntington's disease. Human Molecular Genetics 6: 1633-7.

11. Chong, S. S. et al. (1997). Contribution of DNA sequence and CAG

si2e to mutation frequencies of intermediate alleles for Huntington's disease: evidence from single sperm analyses. Human Molecular Genetics 6: 301 — 10.

12. Wexler, N. S. (1992). The Tiresias complex: Huntington's disease as a paradigm of testing for late-onset disorders. FASEB Journal 6: 2820-25.

13. Wexler, A. (1995). Mapping fate. University of California Press, Los Angeles.

C H R O M O S O M E 5

One of the best books about gene hunting is William Cookson's The gene hunters: adventures in the genome jungle (Aurum Press, 1994). Cookson is one of my main sources of information on asthma genes.

1. Hamilton, G. (1998). Let them eat dirt. New Scientist, 18 July 1998: 26—

31; Rook, G. A. W. and Stanford, J. L. (1998). Give us this day our daily germs. Immunology Today 19: 113—16.

2. Cookson, W. (1994). The gene hunters: adventures in the genome jungle. Aurum Press, London.

3. Marsh, D. G. et al. (1994). Linkage analysis of IL4 and other chromosome 5q31.1 markers and total serum immunoglobulin-E concentrations. Science 264: 1152—6.

4. Martinez, F. D. et al. (1997). Association between genetic polymorphism of the beta-2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with or without a history of wheezing. Journal of Clinical Investigation 100: 3184-8.

C H R O M O S O M E 6

The story of Robert Plomin's search for genes that influence intelligence will be told in a forthcoming book by Rosalind Arden. Plomin's textbook on Behavioral genetics is an especially readable introduction to the field (third edition, W. H. Freeman, 1997). Stephen Jay Gould's Mismeasure of man 3 2 0 G E N O M E

(Norton, 1981) is a good account of the early history of eugenics and IQ.

Lawrence Wright's Twins: genes, environment and the mystery of identity (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997) is a delightful read.

1. Chorney, M. J., Chorney, K., Seese, N., Owen, M. J., Daniels, J., McGuffin, P., Thompson, L. A., Detterman, D. K., Benbow, C, Lubinski, D., Eley, T. and Plomin, R. (1998). A quantitative trait locus associated with cognitive ability in children. Psychological Science 9: 1-8.

2. Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into human faculty. Macmillan, London.

3. Goddard, H. H. (1920), quoted in Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. Norton, New York.

4. Neisser, U. et al. (1996). Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist 51: 77—101.

5. Philpott, M. (1996). Genetic determinism. In Tam, H. (ed.), Punishment, excuses and moral development. Avebury, Aldershot.

6. Wright, L. (1997). Twins: genes, environment and the mystery of identity. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.

7. Scarr, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: development and individual differences. Child Development 63: 1 —19.

8. Daniels, M., Devlin, B. and Roeder, K. (1997). Of genes and IQ. In Devlin, B., Fienberg, S. E., Resnick, D. P. and Roeder, K. (eds), Intelligence, genes and success. Copernicus, New York.

9. Herrnstein, R. J. and Murray, C. (1994). The bell curve. The Free Press, New York.

10. Haier, R. et al. (1992). Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning. Intelligence 16: 415—26.

11. Gould, S. J. (1981). The mismeasure of man. Norton, New York.

12. Furlow, F. B., Armijo-Prewitt, T., Gangestead, S. W. and Thornhill, R.

(1997). Fluctuating asymmetry and psychometric intelligence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 264: 823—9.

13. Neisser, U. (1997). Rising scores on intelligence tests. American Scientist 85: 440-47-B I B L I O G R A P H Y A N D N O T E S 3 2 1

C H R O M O S O M E 7

Evolutionary psychology, the theme of this chapter, is explored in several books, including Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby's The adapted mind (Oxford University Press, 1992), Robert Wright's The moral animal (Pantheon, 1994), Steven Pinker's How the mind works (Penguin, 1998) and my own The red queen (Viking, 1993). The origin of human language is explored in Steven Pinker's The language instinct (Penguin, 1994) and Terence Deacon's The symbolic species (Penguin, 1997).

1. For the death of Freudianism: Wolf, T. (1997). Sorry but your soul just died. The Independent on Sunday, 2 February 1997. For the death of Meadism: Freeman, D. (1983). Margaret Mead and Samoa: the making and unmaking of an anthropological myth. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; Freeman, D. (1997). Frans Boas and 'The flower of heaven'. Penguin, London.

For the death of behaviourism: Harlow, H. F., Harlow, M. K. and Suomi, S. J. (1971). From thought to therapy: lessons from a primate laboratory.

American Scientist 59: 538-49.

2. Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct the new science of language and mind.

Penguin, London.

3. Dale, P. S., Simonoff, E., Bishop, D. V. M., Eley, T. C, Oliver, B., Price, T. S., Purcell, S., Stevenson, J. and Plomin, R. (1998). Genetic influence on language delay in two-year-old children. Nature Neuroscience 1: 324—8; Paulesu, E. and Mehler, J. (1998). Right on in sign language. Nature 392: 233~4-4. Carter, R. (1998). Mapping the mind. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.

5. Bishop, D. V. M., North, T. and Donlan, C. (1995). Genetic basis of specific language impairment: evidence from a twin study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 37: 56—71.