Chalmers Johnson - Nemesis - The Last Days of the American Republic

national debt, 270–71, 275, 277

National Defense Authorization Act (2000), 214

National Democratic Institute, 152

National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), 93–94, 97–98, 106

nationalism, 82, 85–88

National Military Justice Group, 186

National Missile Defense Act (1999), 213

National Museum of Iraq, 46–50

National Public Radio, 239

National Reconnaissance Office, 215

National Security Act (1947), 93, 94

National Security Adviser, 97–98

National Security Agency (NSA), 91–92, 156, 251, 254–57, 266

National Security Archive, 107, 248

National Security Council (NSC), 92–93, 100, 102, 104, 192

National Security Strategy of 2002, 58

Natural Resources Defense Council, 155–56

Navy, U.S., 17, 153, 179

Headquarters in Europe, 154

Navy Engineering Logistics Office (NELO), 127

Navy SEALs, 40

Nebuchadnezzar II, 51–52

Negroponte, John, 92

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 80

“Neighborhood Girl” (Shreffler), 10–11

Nelson, Bill, 262

Nemesis (goddess), 10–11, 243–44, 279

neoconservatives, 142, 148–49, 198–99, 210–11, 215–16, 231

neoliberalism, 82, 164

Nero, emperor of Rome, 70

Neumann, Michael, 74

New Deal, 272–73

New Republic , 102

Newsweek , 125, 159, 160

New Yorker , 37, 122, 167

New York Journal-American , 176

New York Times , 3, 38, 44, 48, 58, 80, 81, 100, 106, 123, 135, 146, 156, 159, 209, 255, 256, 266, 268

Magazine , 73

New Zealand, 75, 157

Nicaragua, 3, 19, 94, 103–4, 112–13, 163–65, 248. See also Iran-Contra scandal

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 76

Niger, 100, 148

Nimrud excavations, 52, 48

9/11 Commission (National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States), 98–99, 123

Report , 137

Nineveh, 52

Nixon, Richard M., 54, 92, 94–96, 104, 106–8, 121, 246–47, 250

noise pollution, 173–74, 195

nongovernmental organizatons (NGOs), 152

Nordstrom, 263

Noriega, Roger, 168

North, Oliver, 112–13

North, Thomas, 67

North Africa, 63, 147–48

North American Treaty Organization (NATO), 5, 141, 171–72, 174

Northcom, 61

Northeast Asia, 143, 157

Northern Alliance, 35–37, 100, 143

North Korea, 94, 145, 199, 205, 207, 210, 221, 223

Northrop Grumman, 212, 225, 257, 264

North Vietnam, 96

nuclear weapons, 7–8, 98–100, 138, 141, 154–56, 202, 206, 208–10, 212–13, 241, 274, 276

Obering, Henry, 225

Observer , 137

Occidental Petroleum Co., 165

Octavian, 66–69

Office of Legal Counsel, 36, 251

Office of National Estimates, 94

Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), 50

Office of Special Plans, 99–100

oil, 6, 46, 51, 142, 147–48, 158, 162, 165–66, 199, 203, 219

oil for food program, 28

Okinawa, 3, 171, 173–74, 177–207

Oklahoma City bombing, 231

Oliphant, Jermaine, 183

Oman, 94, 148, 159

“Omar, Abu” (Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr), 131–34

Omar, Mullah Mohammed, 31, 118

Omdurman, battle of, 79

“1-4-2-1” defense strategy, 143

101st Airborne Division, 42, 162

O’Neill, Tip, 115

On the Spirit of the Laws (Montesquieu), 16

Oosterlinck, Rene, 235

Operation Condor, 108, 112

Operation Enduring Freedom, 276

Operation Goldenrod, 121–22

Operation Infinite Justice, 76

Operation Iraqi Freedom, 76, 143, 159, 232

Operation Just Cause, 76

Operation Urgent Fury, 18–19

Opium wars, 77

Opus Dei, 112

Orbital Debris Quarterly News , 219

Origins of Totalitarianism, The (Arendt), 22

Ornstein, Norman, 229

Ota, Masahide, 181–82

Ottoman Empire, 14, 46, 49, 87

Outer Space Treaty (1967), 241

Overseas Basing Commission, 147, 150–51, 158, 160

Ozaki, Hotsumi, 279

Pacom, 61, 202

Pakistan, 35–36, 87–88, 111–13, 115–17, 119, 124–26, 148, 236

Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 112, 116, 118

Palestinians, 3

Panama, 3, 76, 261

PanAmSat, 238

Paraguay, 108, 163, 165–70

Parenti, Michael, 56–57, 62, 67

Passage to India, A (Forster), 80

Patriot PAC-3 missile, 220, 227

“Patterns of Terrorism” (State Department report), 167

Pax Americana, 58

Pax Romana, 58–59, 69

Pearl Harbor, 93, 95

Pentagon. See Defense Department

People for the American Way, 247

Pérez Esquivel, Adolfo, 170

Perle, Richard, 211

Perón, Juan, 70

Persian Gulf, 140, 148, 150, 163

Persson, Göran, 130

Peru, 165

Peterson Air Force Base (Colorado), 232

Pfaff, William, 151

Philbin, Patrick E, 38

Philippi, battle of, 68

Philippines, 3, 19–20, 39, 74, 81, 84, 94, 104, 147–48, 207

Phillips, Wendell, 17

Phoenix Program, 40

Pincus, Walter, 209, 257

Pinochet, Augusto, 2–3, 19, 108–10

Pinter, Harold, 243

plausible deniability, 102–3

plebians, 62–64

Plutarch, 56, 67

Poindexter, John M., 103, 256

Poland, 52, 94, 112, 123–24, 143, 148–49, 155

Polanyi, Karl, 83

Polk, Milbry, 48

Polk, William R., 46

Pompey, 58–59, 64, 66

populares, 62–63, 66

pork-barrel legislation, 263, 265–66

Porter, Bernard, 72–73

Portugal, 19

Postol, Theodore C., 224

poverty, 7, 81–82, 84–85

Powell, Colin, 24, 73, 190, 199

Powers, Francis Gary, 226

Powers, Thomas, 91, 102–3, 135–36, 256

Praetorian Guard, 69, 95

Prats, Carlos, 108–9

Predator unmanned aerial vehicle, 21, 233

preemptive or preventive war, 8, 58–59, 91, 138, 142, 148–49, 158, 203, 251

Premier Executive Transport Services, 126, 127, 128, 130

Presentment Clause, 258

Presidential Emergency Operations Center, 34

presidential power (imperial presidency), 14–18, 20–21, 39–40, 244–68

CIA and, 90–97, 102–10, 120, 135–136

commander in chief status and, 62, 120, 244–46, 251–54

Congress and, 245–51, 259–68

FISA and, 254–56

habeas corpus and, 266-67

legislative and judicial power vs., 268–69

republic strained by, 60, 88–89, 279

torture memos and, 39–40, 251–54

veto and, 16, 59

war on terror and, 244–45

Presidential Records Act (1978), 247–48

President Kennedy (Reeves), 248

President Nixon (Reeves), 248

President’s Advisory Committee on Cultural Property, 50

Priebe, Miranda, 225

Priest, Dana, 124, 126

Primack, Joel, 217

Prince Sultan Air Base (Saudi Arabia), 159

prisoners of war, 5, 8–9, 19, 24, 36–45, 246

prisons, secret, 8, 24, 33–45, 123–24, 155, 159–60

private contractors, 7, 31, 165, 171–72

proconsul, 61–62

Public Works Administration, 272

Puerto Rico, 20

Qatar, 6, 124, 140, 148, 150, 158–59

Quantico Marine Corps base, 189

racism, 7, 78–80, 85

radar systems, 165, 223

Ramadi, Iraq, 162

Ramstein Air Base (Germany), 133, 145–46, 155–56

RAND corporation, 236

Ransom, Harry Howe, 94

Rasul v.Bush (2004), 266

Rather, Dan, 41–42

Raychaudhuri, Tapan, 80, 87–88

Raytheon, 212

Reagan, Ronald, 19, 75, 103–4, 109, 111–13, 121–22, 164–65, 192, 201, 208–11, 223, 228, 230, 248–49, 256, 275

Red Cross, 31

Red Scare, 244

Reebok, 263

Reeves, Richard, 248

remote sensing, 237

Reno, Janet, 247

Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation (1991), 108