Andrew Lobaczewski - Political Ponerology - A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Название:Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Год:2006
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Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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the psychological situation in particular, better differentiation
of human characters and personalities, and, finally, comprehen-
sion of one’s adversaries. During such times, virtues which
former generations relegated to literary motifs regain their real
and useful substance and become prized for their value. A wise
person capable of furnishing sound advice is highly respected.
How astonishingly similar were the philosophies of Socra-
tes and Confucius, those half-legendary thinkers who, albeit
near-contemporaries, resided at opposite ends of the great con-
tinent. Both lived during evil, bloody times and adumbrated a
method for conquering evil, especially regarding perception of
the laws of life and knowledge of human nature. They searched
for criteria of moral values within human nature and considered
knowledge and understanding to be virtues. Both men, how-
ever, heard the same wordless internal Voice warning those
embarking upon important moral questions: “Socrates, do not
do this”. That is why their efforts and sacrifices constitute per-
manent assistance in the battle against evil.
Difficult and laborious times give rise to values which fi-
nally conquer evil and produce better times. The succinct and
accurate analysis of phenomena, made possible thanks to the
conquest of the expendable emotions and egotism characteriz-
ing self-satisfied people, opens the door to causative behavior,
particularly in the areas of philosophical, psychological, and
moral reflection; this tips the scale to the advantage of good-
ness. If these values were totally incorporated into human-
kind’s cultural heritage, they could sufficiently protect nations
from the next era of errors and distortions. However, the col-
lective memory is impermanent and particularly liable to re-
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
89
move a philosopher and his work from his context, namely his
time and place and the goals which he served.
Whenever an experienced person finds a moment of relative
peace after a difficult and painful effort, his mind is free to
reflect unencumbered by the expendable emotions and outdated
attitudes of the past, but aided by the cognizance of bygone
years. He thus comes closer to an objective understanding of
phenomena and a view of actual causative links, including such
links which cannot be understood within the framework of
natural language. He thus meditates upon an ever-expanding
circle of general laws while contemplating the meaning of
those former occurrences which separated the periods of his-
tory. We reach for ancient precepts because we understand
them better; they make it easier for us to understand both the
genesis and the creative meaning of unhappy times.
The cycle of happy, peaceful times favors a narrowing of
the world view and an increase in egotism; societies become
subject to progressive hysteria and to that final stage, descrip-
tively known to historians, which finally produces times of
despondency and confusion, that have lasted for millennia and
continue to do so. The recession of mind and personality which
is a feature of ostensibly happy times varies from one nation to
another; thus some countries manage to survive the results of
such crises with minor losses, whereas others lose nations and
empires. Geopolitical factors have also played a decisive role.
The psychological features of such crises doubtless bear the
stamp of the time and of the civilization in question, but one
common denominator must have been an exacerbation of soci-
ety’s hysterical condition. This deviation or, better yet, forma-
tive deficiency of character, is a perennial sickness of societies,
especially the privileged elites. The existence of exaggerated
individual cases, especially such characterized as clinical, is an
offshoot of the level of social hysteria, quite frequently corre-
lated with some additional causes such as carriers of minor
lesions of brain tissue. Quantitatively and qualitatively, these
individuals may serve to reveal and evaluate such times, as
indicated in history’s Book of San Michele 29. From the perspec-
29 Axel Munthe, (1857-1949) physician, psychiatrist, and writer, was born in
Oskarshamn, Sweden. He was educated at the University of Uppsala and at
90
THE HYSTEROIDAL CYCLE
tive of historical time, it would be harder to examine the re-
gression of the ability and correctness of reasoning or the in-
tensity of “Austrian talk”, although these approximate the crux
of the matter better and more directly.
In spite of above-mentioned qualitative differences, the du-
ration of these time-cycles tends to be similar. If we assume
that the extreme of European hysteria occurred around 1900
and returns not quite every two centuries, we find similar con-
ditions. Such cyclical isochronicity may embrace a civilization
and cross into neighboring countries, but it would not swim
oceans or penetrate into faraway and far different civilizations.
When the First World War broke out, young officers danced
and sang on the streets of Vienna: “ Krieg, Krieg, Krieg! Es
wird ein schoener Krieg ...”. While visiting Upper Austria in
1978, I decided to drop in on the local parson, who was in his
seventies by then. When I told him about myself, I suddenly
realized he thought I was lying and inventing pretty stories. He
subjected my statements to psychological analysis, based on
this unassailable assumption and attempted to convince me that
his morals were lofty. When I complained to a friend of mine
about this, he was amused: “As a psychologist, you were ex-
tremely lucky to catch the survival of authentic Austrian talk
( die oesterreichische Rede ). We young ones have been incapa-
ble of demonstrating it to you even if we wanted to simulate
it.”
In the European languages, “Austrian talk” has become the
common descriptive term for paralogistic30 discourse. Many
people using this term nowadays are unaware of its origin.
Within the context of maximum hysterical intensity in Europe
Montpellier in Paris where he received his M.D. He studied the work of the
French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot and used hypnosis in his own work
with the physical and psychological symptoms of his patients. He later be-
came physician to the Swedish Royal family. He became known as “the
modern St. Francis of Assissi” because he financed sanctuaries for birds. As a
writer Munthe recounted his own experiences as a physician and psychiatrist.
He is most famous for the autobiographical work The Story of San Michele
which was published in 1929. [Editor’s note.]
30 Paralogism : n. illogical or fallacious deduction. paralogical, paralogistic, a.
paralogize, v.i. be illogical; draw unwarranted conclusions. paralogist, n.
[Editor’s note.]
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
91
at the time, the authentic article represented a typical product of
conversive thinking: subconscious selection and substitution of
data leading to chronic avoidance of the crux of the matter. In
the same manner, the reflex assumption that every speaker is
lying is an indication of the hysterical anti-culture of mendac-
ity, within which telling the truth becomes “immoral”.
That era of hysterical regression gave birth to the great war
and the great revolution which extended into Fascism, Hitler-
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