Gao Xingjian - Soul Mountain (chinese)

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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.

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Gao Xingjian 高行健 Soul Mountain 灵山 高行健 灵山 一 - фото 1

Gao Xingjian (高行健)

Soul Mountain (灵山)

高行健
《灵山》

  你坐的是长途公共汽车,那破旧的车子,城市里淘汰下来的,在保养的极差的山区公路上,路面到处坑坑洼洼,从早起颠簸了十二个小时,来到这座南方山区的小县城。

  你背着旅行袋,手里拎个挎包,站在满是冰棍纸和甘蔗屑子的停车场上环顾。

  从车上下来的,或是从停车场走过来的人,男的是打着大包小包,女的抱着孩子。那空手什么包袱和篮子也不带的一帮子年轻人从口袋里掏出葵花籽,一个接一个扔进嘴里,又立即用嘴皮子把壳儿吐出来,吃得干净利落,还哔剥作响,那分忧闲,那种洒脱,自然是本地作风。这里是人家的故乡,活得没法不自在,祖祖辈辈根就扎在这块土地上,用不着你远道再来寻找。而早先从此地出走的,那时候当然还没有这汽车站,甚至未必有汽车,水路得坐乌篷船,旱路可雇独轮车,实在没钱则靠两张脚底板。如今,只要还有口气在,那怕从太平洋的彼岸,又都纷纷回来了、坐的不是小卧车,就是带空调的大轿车。有发财了的,有出了名的,也有什么都不是,只因为老了,就又都往这里赶,到头来,谁又不怀念这片故土?压根儿也没有动过念头死也不离开这片土地的,更理所当然,甩着手臂,来去都大声说笑,全无遮拦,语词还又那么软款,亲昵得动人心肠。熟人相见,也不学城里人那套虚礼,点个头,握个手。他们不是张口直呼其名,便从背后在对方的肩上猛击一掌,也还作兴往怀里一搂,不光是女人家同女人家,而女人家倒反不这样。冲洗汽车的水泥槽边上,就有一对年纪轻轻的女人,她们只手拉着手,叽叽喳喳个不停。这里的女人说话就更加细软,叫你听了止不住还瞟上一眼,那背朝你的扎着一块蓝印花布头巾,这头巾和头巾的扎法也世代相传,如今看来,分外别致。你不觉走了过去,那头巾在下巴颏上一系,对角尖尖翘起,面孔果真标致。五官也都小巧,恰如那一抹身腰。你挨近她们身边走过,始终绞在一起的那两双手都一样红,一样糙,指节也都一样粗壮。她们该是走亲友或回娘家的新鲜媳妇,可这里人媳妇专指的是儿子的老婆,要照北方老垮那样通称已婚的年轻妇女,立刻会招来一顿臭骂。做了老婆的女人又把丈夫叫做老公,你的老公,我老公,这里人有这里人的语调,虽然都是炎黄子孙,同文同种。

  你自己也说不清楚你为什么到这里来,你只是偶然在火车上,闲谈中听人说起这么个叫灵山的地方。这人就坐在你对面,你的茶杯挨着他的茶杯,随着行车的震荡,两只茶杯的盖子也时不时碰得铮铮直响。要是一直响下去或是响一下便不再出声倒也罢了,巧就巧在这两个茶杯盖铮铮作响的时候,你和他正想把茶杯挪升,便都不响了。可大家刚移开视线,两只盖子竟又碰响起来。他和你都一齐伸手,却又都不响了。你们于是不约而同笑了笑。把茶杯都索性往后挪了一下,便攀谈上了。你问他哪里去?

  "灵山。"

  "什么?"灵山,灵魂的灵,山水的山。'

  你也是走南闯北的人,到过的名山多了,竟未听说过这么个去处。你对面的这位朋友微眯眼睛,正在养神。你有一种人通常难免的好奇心,自然想知道你去过的那许多名胜之外还有什么遗漏。你也有一种好奇心,不能容忍还有什么去处你竟一无所闻。你于是向他打听这灵山在哪里。

  "在尤水的源头,"他睁开了眼睛。

  这尤水在何处你也不知道,又不好再问。你只点了点头,这点头也可以有两种解释:好的,谢谢,或是,噢,这地方,知道。这可以满足你的好胜心,却满足不了你的好奇。隔了一会,你才又问怎么个走法,从哪里能进山上。

  "可以坐车先到乌伊那个小镇,再沿尤水坐小船逆水而上。"

  "那里有什么?看山水?有寺庙?还是有什么古迹?"你问得似乎漫不经心。

  "那里一切都是原生态的。"

  "有原始森林?"

  "当然,不只是原始森林。"

  "还有野人?"你调笑道。

  他笑了,并不带挪输,也不像自嘲,倒更刺激了你、你必须弄明白你对面的这位朋友是哪路人物。

  "你是研究生态的?生物学家?古人类学家?考古学家?"

   他一一摇头,只是说:"我对活人更有兴趣、"

  "那么你是搞民俗调查?社会学家?民族学家?人种学家?要不是记者?冒险家?"

   "都是业余的。"

   你们都笑了。

   "都是玩主!

   你们笑得就更加开心。他于是点起一支烟,便打开了话匣子,讲起有关灵山的种种神奇。随后,又应你的要求,拆开空香烟盒子,画了个图,去灵山的路线。

   北方,这季节,已经是深秋。这里,暑热却并未退尽。太阳在落山之前,依然很有热力,照在身上,脊背也有些冒汗。你走出车站,环顾了一下,对面只有一家小客栈,那是种老式的带一层楼的木板铺面,在楼上走动楼板便格吱直响,更要命的是那乌黑油亮的枕席。再说,洗澡也只能等到天黑,在那窄小潮湿的天井里,拉开裤裆,用脸盆往身上倒水。那是农村里出来跑买卖做手艺的落脚的地方。

  离天黑还早,完全可以找个干净的旅店。你背着旅行袋,在街上晃荡,顺便逛逛这座小县城,也还想找到一点提示,一块招牌,一张广告招牌,那怕是一个名字,也就是说只要能见到灵山这两个字,便说明你没有弄错,这番长途跋涉,并没有上当。你到处张望,竟然找不到一点迹象。你一同下车的,也没有一个像你这样的旅游者。当然,你不是那种游客,只说的是你这一身装束。你穿的一双轻便结实专用于登山的旅游鞋,肩上挂的是带背带的旅行包,这街上往来的也没有你这种打扮的。这里自然不是新婚夫妇和退休养老的通常去的旅游胜地。那种地方一切都旅游化了,到处都停的旅游专车,到处都有导游图可卖,所有的小店铺里都摆满了印有字样的旅游帽、旅游汗衫、旅游背心、旅游手帕,连接待外国人专收外汇券的宾馆和只凭介绍信接待内宾的招待所和疗养院,更别说那些相争拉客的私人小客店,都以这块宝地的名字为标榜。你不是到那种地方去凑那分热闹,在人看人、人挨着人、人挤人的山阳道上,再抛些瓜果皮、汽水瓶子、罐头盒子、面包纸和香烟屁股。这里想必早晚也逃不脱这种盛况。你总算乘那些鲜艳夺目的亭台楼阁尚未修建,赶在记者的照相机和名人题字之前,你不免暗自庆幸,同时,又有些疑惑。这街上竟无一点招徕游客的迹象,会不会以讹传讹?你只凭揣在上衣口袋里的香烟盒子上画的那么个路线,在火车上偶然碰到那么个玩主,更何况他也是道听途说,你还无法证实是不是信口开河。你没有见到一则确凿的游记,连最新出版的旅游大全也没有收进这样的条目。当然,灵台、灵丘、灵岩,乃至于灵山这类地名,你翻阅分省地图册的时候,并不难找到。你也还应该知道,那浩瀚的史书典籍中,从远古巫卜的《山海经》到古老的地理志《水经注》,这灵山并不是真没有出处,佛祖就在这灵山点悟过摩诃迦叶尊者。你并非愚钝之辈,以你的敏慧,你得先找到那画在香烟盒子上的乌伊小镇,进入这个灵山必经的通道。

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