William Craig - Enemy at the Gates

Stalingrad: advance by Germans on, 51, 56, 88; City Soviet, 35, 53, 60, 385; civilian volunteers, 54; climate, 3, 28, 33; command post at, 30, 32; death toll, xiv; decision to stand siege, 24-25; described, 30-38, 51; destruction, figures on, 385; entry of German troops, 88, 89; evacuation of civilians, xiv-xv, 34, 38, 56-57, 67, 97; evacuation of wounded, 110; first contact of Russian armies in and outside after siege, 368; geographical setting, 3; German headquarters in, 122-123; German losses, 343; German strategy of attack, 8-9, 13-14, 18; held by German troops, 220; history, 28-30; Hitler on taking of, 118-119, 154; naming of, 20, 30; newspaper reports of fall, 100; organization of militia, 90-91; population figures, xiv-xv, 30, 385; psychological importance of battle, xv-xvi; reconstruction of, xi-xii, 389-390; reinforcements brought into, 112, 124, 125; Russian Military Council at, 62-63; Russian plan of defense, 25-27; Russian counteroffensive, 88-89, 179, 182, 190; Russian losses, 368; survivors, xiii, 396-404; unattended wounded, German, 362; war memorial at, Xii-Xiii; wounded in battle, 386-387. See also casualties; factory district; street fighting; Tsaritsyn; weather; also names of streets, buildings, and locations, e.g. Mamaev Hill

Stalingrad Front, 26, 32, 151; renamed Don Front, 117

Stalingradski, 354; Flying School at, 122

Starobelsk, 191, 192

starvation, 30, 166, 229, 261, 320, 344, 363; autopsy showing, 318-319; mention of banned, 319; among prisoners, 390

State Bank Building, 91, 92

STAVKA (Soviet General Staff), 24-25, 32, 34, 48, 71, 158, 183, 187-188, 228, 234, 316, 423

Stefan Norman, 225

Steflea, Gen., 201-202

Steidle, Col., 372

Steinhilber, Sgt. Eugen, 198, 406

Stempel, Gen., 367

Stock, Lt. Gerhard, 175, 182, 185, 186

“storm troops,” in defense of Stalingrad, 90-91

Strecker, Gen., 383

street fighting, 76, 79, 90, 91-93; anticipated by Russian command, 33; German experts, 154-155; training in, 195; at Voronezh, 18-19

Stuka aircraft, 32, 40, 42, 44, 58, 60, 70, 91, 93, 134 245

Stuttgart, 113, 226, 270, 314, 402

suicide, 367, 371, 372, 375, 384; Hitler on, 377, 382-383

supply lines, 20, 78, 113, 164

Susdal, prison camp at, 362, 390, 392

Sverdlovsk, 40

Swabia, 226

Switzerland, 23, 158, 228, 402

T-34 tanks, see Tanks, Russian

Taganrog, Army Group Don headquarters at, 346, 347, 352, 361, 384

Tambov, prison camp at, 363, 390

tanks: German, 5, 40, 146, 159; Russian, 36, 41, 63, 166-167, 180, 184, 188, 194, 202, 223, 224, 236, 240, 263, 315, 334. See also entries under German Army, e.g. First Panzer; also entries under Red Army, e.g. First Tank

Tashkent, 386

Tatsinskaya, 67, 216, 217, 274, 280, 281, 290, 295; airfield at, 300

Tazi airstrip, 302

Tel Aviv, 397

telephone communications: breakdown of Russian, 80, 89, 126, 134; cutting of German, 133, 248. See also BODO line

teletype communications, German, 248-250, 252-255, 256-257, 267-268, 269-270, 277-279, 290-291; cut off by Russians, 300

Terek River, 183

Thiel, Maj., 350, 351

Thuringia, 153

Till, Lt., 238-239

Toepke, Lt. Gunter, 205

Tomskuschin, Maj. Nikolai, 39-41, 403, 406

Tomskuschin, Vladimir, 41, 403

torture, 43-44, 117, 436

trains: Germans supplied by, 73; Russian, attacked by Germans, 63, 191; in transport of prisoners, 327-329

Trepper, Leonard, 23

Trotsky, Leon, 22

Tsaritsa, Gorge, 33-34, 55, 101, 234, 286, 365, 368, 378; command post under, 30-32, 36, 47, 54, 57, 80, 99; German assault on, 94, 99; removal of headquarters, 80-81; return of headquarters to, 88; siege of command post, 93-94

Tsaritsyn, 20, 29

Tunisia, 296

Tuna, Don Guido, 391

typhus, 365, 369, 389-390

Tzatza lakes, 88, 149, 173, 174, 187

Ukraine, 4, 17, 85, 104, 106, 116, 118, 119, 120, 132, 143, 166, 221, 387, 436

Ulm, 399

United Press International, 336

Univermag Department Store, xii, 35,

102, 109-110, 368-369, 370, 378,

396; taken by Germans, 111

Upper Silesia, 210

Ural Mountains, 9, 40, 103, 121, 149,

387, 389

Uralsk, 57

Usenko, Capt., 368

Uzbekistan, 120, 389

Vadeneyeva, Maria, 102

Vasilevsky, Marshal Alexander Mikahilovich, 26, 85-86, 88, 117, 161-162, 173, 183, 203, 217, 228, 231-232, 233-234, 241

Vassilevska, 250, 258, 266, 273, 274, 279

Vatutin, Gen., 161, 183, 300, 301

Verkhne-Kumski, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 250, 253, 254

Verkhne-Tsaritsyn, 231

Vertaichy, 112, 388

Victor Emmanuel, King, 305

Viersen, xi

Vinnitsa, Nazi headquarters at, 17, 21, 79, 85, 110

Viskov, Constantin, 54, 59, 97

Vitebsk, 211

Vladimir prison camp, 390

vodka, rations of, 168-169, 324, 325

Vodolagin, Mikhail, 60, 68-69, 97

Volga River, xi, xv, 3, 8, 28, 36, 55-56 61; crossed by Mongols, 28; crossing points, 34, 69, 124-125; described, 32, 38; ferry landing on, 89, 91, 110; German moves toward, 20, 21, 24, 52, 91, 92, 111, 119, 141; ice bridge over, 220, 307; replacements ferried over, 112, 124, 125, 128; Russian defenses of, 9. See also ice packs

Volgograd Defense Museum, xii, 406

Volsky, Gen. Viktor T., 173-174, 191, 202

Voporonovo, 355

Voronezh, 154, 388, 422; battle at, 18-19, 24, 121, 155

Voronov, Gen. N. N., 315-316, 333,

Wagemann Capt. Eberhard, 354

Wagner, Gustav, 270, 271

war crimes, Germans accused of, 400, 436

Warsaw, 15

weapons, 14, 36, 95. See also artillery

weather, effect of on battle, 28, 33, 163-164, 183-184, 186, 194, 217, 222, 291, 303

Weichs, Gen. Freiherr von, 192, 200

Wenck, Col. Walter, 214, 228

Wendt, Siegfried, 198, 406

Werth, Alexander, 336

West Germany, 396, 399, 402, 403, 435; army of, 401. See also names of towns

wheat: harvest, 32; and Nazi objectives, 119; supplies, 102, 142

White Army, Russian, 20, 30

Wiedemann, Sgt., 195-196

Wiesbaden, 46

Willig, Capt., 325

Wirkner, Sgt. Hubert, 210, 224-225, 324, 338, 357-359, 365, 381, 403, 406

Wohlfahrt, Sgt. Ernst, 138-139, 156, 338, 351-352, 406

Wolf’s Lair, see Rastenburg

workers, mobilization of, see militia

World War I, xiv, 15, 29, 212; veterans of, 12, 13, 130

wounds, self-inflicted, 353-354

Yamy, 80, 83, 84, 88

Yelchenko, Lt. Fyodor, 377-378, 379n

Yelin, Col., 92, 93, 102-103, 119

Yelshanka, 54, 60

Yeremenko, Gen. Andrei Ivanovich, 25-27, 30, 53, 151, 187, 192, 222, 403; demoted, 301-302, 320; given supreme responsibility for defense of Stalingrad, 48; orders given by, 54, 74, 75, 134; plan of defense, 32-38, 45, 47-48, 73-74; Stalin and, 61, 83, 88; visit to Chuikov command post, 135-136. See also Khrushchev

Young Fascist League, 15

Yugoslavia, 4

Zabolotnov, Lt., 119

Zaitsev, Vassili, 121-122, 127-130, 145-146, 236, 386, 397, 403-404

Zaitsevski Island, 243

Zeitzler, Gen. Kurt, 163, 199, 206-207, 210, 217, 232, 246, 271, 274, 277, 333, 356, 381-386

Zholudev, Gen. Victor, 123, 134, 136, 150, 285

Zhukov, Marshal Georgi Konstantinovich, x, 70-71, 77-78, 85, 86, 88, 117, 158, 217, 218, 228, 301-302,

404; plan for counterattack, 161-162, 171, 173-174, 404

Zitzewitz, Maj. Coelestin von, 210-211, 303-304, 354, 356-357, 404

Zybenko, 286, 334, 335

William Craig (1929-97), a native of Concord, Massachusetts, was educated at Columbia University. His first book, The Fall of Japan, was a documentary account of the last weeks of the Second World War in the Pacific. His first novel, The Tashkent Crisis, a thriller about espionage and international politics, was published in 1971. Enemy at the Gates is the culmination of five years of research, during which he travelled extensively on three continents, studying documents and interviewing hundreds of survivors of Stalingrad.