William Craig - Enemy at the Gates

Contrary to many Western accounts, the vital bridge at Kalach fell on November 22, not November 21.

From Winrich Behr diary; records of German military mission to Rumania (see Documents); Frank Capra’s, documentary movie The Battle for Russia; Henry Cassidy’s Moscow Dateline; Erich von Manstein’s Lost Victories; General Platon Chimoaga’s monograph on unfairness of Germans to their Rumanian allies.

From interview with Adolf Heusinger; Kurt Zeitzler’s remarks in The Fatal Decisions; Cajus Bekker’s The Luftwaffe War Diaries; also Carell’s Hitler Moves East, 1941-1943.

From interviews with Karl Binder, Hermann Castle, Emil Metzger, Heinz Neist, Hans Oettl, Albert Pfliiger, Arthur Schmidt; Schiller diaries; Giinter Toepke’s book; also Wilhelm Kreiser diary.

From Paulus’ private papers and Richthofen diary; Cajus Bekker’s The Luftwaffe War Diaries; Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad; Fritz Morjik’s The German Transport Command in the Second World War; H. von Rohden’s The Luftwaffe Struggle for Stalingrad; also Carell’s Hitler Moves East 1941–1943.

From interviews with Karl Binder, plus Binder diary; Franz Deifel, Hersch Gurewicz, Anton Kappler, Heinrich Klotz, Heinz Lieber, Albert Pfliiger, Friedrich Syndicus, Hubert Widmer; also statements by Wilhelm Plass and Rudi Pothmann; Eugen Rettenmaier diary. Also von Dieckhoff’s The Twenty-ninth Motorized Division History; A. D. Kolesnik’s The Great Victory on the Volga and V. Koroteev’s, Stalingrad Miracle, Stalingrad Sketches and I Saw it.

From interview with Alexei Petrov. From War Diary Tank Regiment Eleven, Sixth Panzer Division (see Horst Schiebert’s Relief Operation Stalingrad); also Manstein’s Lost Victories; Ms. number P-060g; Sixth Panzer Division, en route to Stalingrad, December 1942 (see Documents); A. M. Vasilevsky’s “Unforgettable Days” V.I.Z., no. 3, 1966; also Felix Gilbert’s Hitler Directs His War. Also Manstein’s Lost Victories, Paulus’ private papers; Arthur Schmidt’s critique (unpublished).

From interviews with Ekkehart Brunnert, Tania Chernova, Ignacy Changar, and Heinz Neist; plus diary of Wilhelm Kreiser and Eugen Rettenmaier; also Koroteev’s Stalingrad Miracle; I. Paderin’s In the Main Direction.

From interviews with Josef Linden, Gerhard Meunch, Alexei Petrov, and Arthur Schmidt; also Schmidt’s unpublished manuscript on details of relief operations through December 25 (see next two chapers). From Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad; and Manstein’s Lost Victories; also Friedrich Paulus’s private papers.

From interviews with Winrich Behr and Arthur Schmidt; Schmidt manuscript and communications log between both groups (see Documents for appropriate dates). Also Sixth Panzer Division manuscript referred to in previous chapter notes and Horst Scheibert’s Relief Operation-Stalingrad; plus Carell’s Hitler Moves East; Goerlitz’s Paulus and Stalingrad and SchrOter’s Stalingrad.

From interviews with Giuseppe Aleandri, Felice Bracci, Cristoforo Capone, Stelio Sansone. Also Umberto Salvatore’s Bersaglieri on the Don.

From interviews as noted in preceding chapter. German communications between Gumrak and Novocherkassk (see Documents as noted in previous chapters).

(see previous citations.)

From interviews with Ekkehart Brunnert, Albert Pfliiger, Ernst Wohlfahrt; Karl Binder diary.

From Bekker’s The Luftwaffe War Diaries; Care11’s Hitler Moves East; and Morzik’s The German Transport Command in the Second World War.

From interviews with Hans Braunlein, Karl Binder, Ekkehart Brunnert, Mikhail Goldstein, Emil Metzger, Gerhard Meunch, Hans Oettl and Albert Pflilger. Also Sacha Fillipov in The Great Victory in Stalingrad, Moscow: 1950; plus previously mentioned works by Gerasimov and Koroteev. Also Koroteev’s I Saw It; Schroter’s Stalingrad; and Werthen’s History of the Sixteenth Panzer Division. The author listened to the Ring Broadcast, played during the twenty-fifth anniversary documentary on German television.

See previous chapter notes.

From von Below family papers (microfilm in National Archives, Washington, D.C.).

From Yeremenko’s Stalingrad; Zhukov’s memoirs; and Khrushchev’s memoir.

From interview with Felice Bracci and his unpublished manuscript, a harrowing story.

From unpublished letters on file in German archives at Freiburg. Also Karl Binder’s letters to his wife.

From interviews with Giinter von Below, Ekkehart Brunnert, Ignacy Changar, Hermann Kastle, Heinrich Klotz, Ottmar Kohler, Gerhard Meunch, Hans Oettl, Alexei Petrov.

From interviews with Felice Bracci, Cristoforo Capone, and Veniero Marsan. Also Bracci’s manuscript and Enrico Reginato’s Twelve Years of Prison in the USSR.

From interviews with Eugen Baumann, Winrich Behr, Karl Binder, Hans Braunlein, Franz Broder, Horst Caspari, Pyotr Deriabin, Fritz Dieckman, Georg Frey, Werner Gerlach, Anton Kappler, Emil Metzger, Albert Pfliiger, Carl Rodenburg, Gottlieb Slotta, and Hubert Wirkner. Also statements by Wilhelm Plass and Rudi Pothmann; Selle’s The Tragedy of Stalingrad; and Third Motorized; Twenty-ninth Motorized, and 384th Division histories. Also Ninth Flak Division war diaries; and Valeriu Campianu’s The Stalingrad Siege, written in Bucharest in 1945; N. N. Voronov article in Krasnaya Zvezda, Feb. 1, 1963.

From The New York Times dispatch. Also The Red Army by Walter Kerr and Alexander Werth’s The Year of Stalingrad.

From interview with Winrich Behr and statement by Coelestin von Zitzewitz. Also Carell’s Hitler Moves East, and Goerlitz’ Paulus and Stalingrad.