Robert Vane Russell - The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4

Dam : breath or life.

These paragraphs are largely based on a description of a Wardha village by Mr. A.K. Smith, C.S.

Nāgpur Settlement Report , para. 45.

The references to English farming in this paragraph are taken from an article in the Saturday Review of 22nd August 1908.

Report on the Territories of the Rāja of Nāgpur .

Rāsmālā , ii. 242.

A freebooting tribe who gave their name to Kāthiawār.

This article is partly based on papers by Nanhe Khān, Sub-Inspector of Police, Khurai, Saugor, and Kesho Rao, Headmaster, Middle School, Seoni-Chhapāra.

Literally ‘The Month of Separatica.’ It is the eighth month of the Muhammadan year and is said to be so called because in this month the Arabs broke up their encampments and scattered in search of water. On the night of Shab-i-Barāt God registers all the actions of men which they are to perform during the year; and all the children of men who are to be born and die in the year are recorded. Though properly a fast, it is generally observed with rejoicings and a display of fireworks. Hughes’ Dictionary of Islam , p. 570.

Tribes and Castes of the N.W.P., art. Kunjra.

Tribes and Castes of Bengal , ibidem .

This article is compiled from notes taken by Mr. Hīra Lāl and by Pyāre Lāl Misra, Ethnographic clerk.

North Arcot Manual , vol. i. p. 220.

Vol. i. p. 224.

Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies .

In this article some account of the houses, clothes and food of the Hindus generally of the northern Districts has been inserted, being mainly reproduced from the District Gazetteers.

Tribes and Castes of Bengal , art. Kurmi.

Indian Folk Tales , p. 8.

Crotalaria juncea . See article on Lorha for a discussion of the Hindus’ prejudice against this crop.

There are several Chaurāsis, a grant of an estate of this special size being common under native rule.

Boswellia serrata .

Eugenia Jambolana .

2 lbs.

Elliot, Hoshangābād Settlement Report , p. 115.

The custom is pointed out by Mr. A. K. Smith, C.S.

Central Provinces Census Report (1911), p. 153.

C.P. Census Report (1911), p. 153.

Or his big toe.

C.P. Census Report (1911), p. 158.

In Indian Folk Tales .

Ficus R .

He is also known as Katia or Kattaha Brāhman and as Mahāpātra.

Indian Folk Tales , p. 54.

Sorghum vulgare , a large millet.

Dr. Jevons, Introduction to the History of Religion , p. 365.

A measure of 400 lbs.

Butea frondosa .

A measure containing 9 lb. 2 oz. of rice.

Ficus glomerata .

From Ganga, or the Ganges, and āla a pot.

Cajanus indicus .

Phaseolus mungo .

Phaseolus radiatus .

Bombax malabaricum .

Acacia arabica .

Cassia tora .

Punjab Census Report (1881), p. 340.

Schleichera trijuga .

Hindus of Gujarat , App., art. Vaghri, footnote.

Religion of the Semites .

Mackintosh, Report on the Mānbhaos. .

See articles on Khairwār and Kewat.

Colonel Ward’s Mandia Settlement Report p. 29.

Brief View of the Caste System , p. 14.

Symplocos racemosa .

Rāja Lachman Singh’s Bulandshahr Memo, p. 182, quoted in Mr. Crooke’s Tribes and Castes , art. Lodha.

Narsinghpur Settlement Report (1866), p. 28.

Nagpur Settlement Report , p. 24.

A small millet.

Every twelfth year when the planet Jupiter is in conjunction with the constellation Sinh (Leo).

Butea Frondosa .

This is known as lodha .

The Rājjhars are a low caste of farmservants and labourers, probably an offshoot of the Bhar tribe.

Tribes and Castes of the N.W.P. and Oudh , art. Lohār.

Dowson, Classical Dictionary, s.v.

In Uriya the term, Ghantrabela means a person who has illicit intercourse with another. The Ghantra Lohārs are thus probably of bastard origin, like the groups known as half-castes and others which are frequently found.

Punjab Census Report (1881), para. 624. (Ibbetson.)

Tribes and Castes of Bengal, art. Lohār

About 15 acres.

Berār Census Report , 1881 (Kitts).

Punjāb Ethnography , para. 624.

Bombay Gazetteer , xvi. 82.

This article is partly based on papers by Mr. P.B. Telang, Munsiff Seoni-Mālwa, and Mr. Wāman Rao Mandloi, nāib-tahsīldār, Harda.

This derivation is also negatived by the fact that the name Mahāratta was known in the third century B.C., or long before the Rāstrakūtas became prominent.

Bombay Gazetteer; Gujarāt Hindus , p. 338.

Ibbetson, Punjab Census Report (1881).

Bombay Gazetteer, l.c. text and footnote by R. v. J. S. Taylor.

Kitts’ Berār Census Report (1881), p. 143.