John Perkins - Confessions of an Economic Hit Man

3. During the 1973 Watergate hearings, in his testimony before the U.S. Senate, John Dean was the first to disclose U.S. plots to assassinate Torrijos; in 1975, at Senate inquiries into the CIA, chaired by Senator Frank Church, additional testimony and documentation of plans to kill both Torrijos and Noriega were presented. See, for example, Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 107.

Chapter 28. My Energy Company, Enron, and George W. Bush

1. For additional information on IPS, its wholly-owned subsidiary Archbald Power Corporation, and former CEO John Perkins, see Jack M. Daly and Thomas J. Duffy, “Burning Coal’s Waste at Archbald,” Civil Engineering , July 1988; Vince Coveleskie, “Co-Generation Plant Attributes Cited,” The Scranton Times , October 17, 1987; Robert Curran, “Archbald Facility Dedicated,” Scranton Tribune , October 17, 1987; “Archibald Plant Will Turn Coal Waste into Power,” Citizen’s Voice , Wilkes-Barre, PA, June 6, 1988; “Liabilities to Assets: Culm to Light, Food,” editorial, Citizen’s Voice , Wilkes-Barre, PA, June 7, 1988.

2. Joe Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story,” Harpers Magazine , February 2000; Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair , October 2003, p 165.

3. Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair , October 2003, p 178.

4. See George Lardner Jr. and Lois Romano, “The Turning Point After Coming Up Dry,” Washington Post , July 30, 1999; Joe Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story,” Harpers Magazine , February 2000; and Sam Parry, “The Bush Family Oiligarchy — Part Two: The Third Generation,” http://www.newnetizen.com/presidential/bushoiligarchy.htm (accessed April 19, 2002).

5. This theory took on new significance and seemed ready to fall under the spotlight of public scrutiny when, years later, it became clear that the highly respected accounting firm of Arthur Andersen had conspired with Enron executives to cheat energy consumers, Enron employees, and the American public out of billions of dollars. The impending 2003 Iraq war pushed the spotlight away. During the war, Bahrain played a critical role in President George W. Bush’s strategy.

Chapter 29. I Take a Bribe

1. Jim Garrison, American Empire: Global Leader or Rogue Power? (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., 2004), p 38.

Chapter 30. The United States Invades Panama

1. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 56.

2. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), p 31–34.

3. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), p 43.

4. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 212; see also Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair , October 2003, p 165.

5. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 114.

6. See www.famoustexans.com/georgebush.htm, p 2.

7. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 56–57.

8. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), p 6.

9. www.famoustexans.com/georgebush.htm, p 3.

10. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), p 4.

11. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 248.

12. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p 211.

13. Manuel Noriega with Peter Eisner, The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega, America’s Prisoner (New York: Random House, 1997), p xxi.

Chapter 31. An EHM Failure in Iraq

1. Morris Barrett, “The Web’s Wild World,” TIME , April 26, 1999, p 62.

Chapter 32. September 11 and its Aftermath for Me, Personally

1. For more about the Huaoranis, see Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).

Chapter 33. Venezuela: Saved by Saddam

1. “Venezuela on the Brink,” editorial, New York Times , December 18, 2002.

2. The Revolution Will Not Be Televised , directed by Kim Bartley and Donnacha O’Briain (in association with the Irish Film Board, 2003). See www.chavezthefilm.com.

3. “Venezuelan President Forced to Resign,” Associated Press, April 12, 2002.

4. Simon Romero, “Tenuous Truce in Venezuela for the State and its Oil Company,” New York Times , April 24, 2002.

5. Bob Edwards, “What Went Wrong with the Oil Dream in Venezuela,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition , July 8, 2003.

6. Ginger Thompson, “Venezuela Strikers Keep Pressure on Chávez and Oil Exports,” New York Times , December 30, 2002.

7. For more on the jackals and other types of hit men, see: P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2003); James R. Davis, Fortune’s Warriors: Private Armies and the New World Order (Vancouver and Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre, 2000); Felix I. Rodriguez and John Weisman, Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

8. Tim Weiner, “A Coup by Any Other Name,” New York Times , April 14, 2002.

9. “Venezuela Leader Urges 20 Years for Strike Chiefs,” Associated Press , February 22, 2003.

10. Paul Richter, “U.S. Had Talks on Chávez Ouster,” Los Angeles Times , April 17, 2002.

Chapter 34. Ecuador Revisited

1. Chris Jochnick, “Perilous Prosperity,” New Internationalist , June 2001, http://www.newint.org/issue335/perilous.htm.

2. United Nations. Human Development Report (New York: United Nations, 1999).

3. For additional information on the hostage situation, see Alan Zibel, “Natives Seek Redress for Pollution,” Oakland Tribune , December 10, 2002; Hoy (Quito, Ecuador daily newspaper) articles of December 10–28, 2003; “Achuar Free Eight Oil Hostages,” El Commercio (Quito daily newspaper), December 16, 2002 (also carried by Reuters); “Ecuador: Oil Firm Stops Work because Staff Seized, Demands Government Action,” and “Sarayacu — Indigenous Groups to Discuss Release of Kidnapped Oil Men,” El Universo (Guayaquil, Ecuador, daily newspaper), http://www.eluniverso.com, December 24, 2002; and Juan Forero, “Seeking Balance: Growth vs. Culture in the Amazon,” New York Times , December 10, 2003. Current, updated information about Ecuador’s Amazonian people is available at the Pachamama Alliance Web site: http://www.pachamama.org.

Chapter 35. Piercing the Veneer

1. National debt statistics from the Bureau of the Public Debt, reported at www.publicdebt.treas.gov/opd/opdpenny.htm; national income statistics from the World Bank at www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GNIPC.pdf.

2. Elizabeth Becker and Richard A. Oppel, “A Nation at War: Reconstruction. U.S. Gives Bechtel a Major Contract in Rebuilding Iraq,” New York Times , April 18, 2003, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/18/international/worldspecial/18REBU.html.