John Perkins: Confessions of an Economic Hit Man

Chapter 14. Entering a New and Sinister Period in Economic History

1. “Robert S. McNamara: 8th Secretary of Defense,” http://www.defenselink.mil (accessed December 23, 2003).

Chapter 15. The Saudi Arabian Money-laundering Affair

1. For more on the events leading up to the 1973 oil embargo and the impact of the embargo, see: Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), pp 155–159; Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power (New York: Free Press, 1993); Stephen Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983); Ian Seymour, OPEC: Instrument of Change (London: McMillan, 1980).

2. Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), p 160.

3. David Holden and Richard Johns, The House of Saud: The Rise and Rule of the Most Powerful Dynasty in the Arab World (New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1981), p 359.

4. Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), p 167.

Chapter 16. Pimping, and Financing Osama bin Laden

1. Robert Baer, Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Oil (New York: Crown Publishers, 2003), p 26.

2. Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), p 162.

3. Thomas W. Lippman, Inside the Mirage: America’s Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 2004), p 2.

4. Henry Wasswa, “Idi Amin, Murderous Ugandan Dictator, Dies,” Associated Press, August 17, 2003.

5. “The Saudi Connection,” U.S. News & World Report , December 15, 2003, p 21.

6. “The Saudi Connection,” U.S. News & World Report , December 15, 2003, pp 19, 20, 26.

7. Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair , October 2003. For more on the Bush family’s involvement, Bechtel, etc., see: “Zapata Petroleum Corp.,” Fortune , April 1958, p 248; Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc. 1880–1978 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979); Nathan Vardi, “Desert Storm: Bechtel Group Is Leading the Charge,” and “Contacts for Contracts,” both in Forbes , June 23, 2003, pp 63–66; Graydon Carter, “Editor’s Letter: Fly the Friendly Skies…” Vanity Fair , October 2003; Richard A. Oppel with Diana B. Henriques, “A Nation at War: The Contractor. Company has ties in Washington, and to Iraq,” New York Times , April 18, 2003.

Chapter 17. Panama Canal Negotiations and Graham Greene

1. See for example: John M. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama Has No Place in 1975,” Boston Evening Globe , Op-Ed page, September 19, 1975; John M. Perkins, “U.S. — Brazil Pact Upsets Ecuador,” The Boston Globe , Op-Ed page, May 10, 1976.

2. For examples of papers by John Perkins published in technical journals, see: John M. Perkins et al., “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting, Part I — Economic Development” and “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting, Part II — The Demand for Electricity,” The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Papers C 73 475-1 (July 1973) and C 74 146-7 (January 1974), respectively; John M. Perkins and Nadipuram R. Prasad, “A Model for Describing Direct and Indirect Interrelationships Between the Economy and the Environment,” Consulting Engineer , April 1973; Edwin Vennard, John M. Perkins, and Robert C. Ender, “Electric Demand from Interconnected Systems,” TAPPI Journal (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry), 28th Conference Edition, 1974; John M. Perkins et al., “Iranian Steel: Implications for the Economy and the Demand for Electricity” and “Markov Method Applied to Planning,” presented at the Fourth Iranian Conference on Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, May 12–16, 1974; and Economic Theories and Applications: A Collection of Technical Papers with a Foreward by John M. Perkins (Boston: Chas. T. Main, Inc., 1975).

3. John M. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama Has No Place in 1975,” Boston Evening Globe , Op-Ed page, September 19, 1975.

4. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), pp 89–90.

5. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984).

Chapter 18. Iran’s King of Kings

1. William Shawcross, The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988). For more about the Shah’s rise to power, see H. D. S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books , September 23, 2003; Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003).

2. For more about Yamin, the Flowering Desert project, and Iran, see John Perkins, Shapeshifting (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1997).

Chapter 20. The Fall of a King

1. For more about the Shah’s rise to power, see H.D.S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books , September 23, 2003; Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003).

2. See TIME magazine cover articles on the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, February 12, 1979, January 7, 1980, and August 17, 1987.

Chapter 21. Colombia: Keystone of Latin America

1. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet, Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), p 381.

Chapter 24. Ecuador’s President Battles Big Oil

1. For extensive details on SIL, its history, activities, and association with the oil companies and the Rockefellers, see Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet, Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995) (for information on Rachel Saint, pp 85, 156, 227).

2. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987), p 272.

3. José Carvajal Candall, “Objetivos y Políticas de CEPE” (Quito, Ecuador: Primer Seminario, 1979), p 88.

Chapter 26. Ecuador’s Presidential Death

1. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987), p 272.

2. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennet: Thy Will Be Done, The Conquest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York, HarperCollins, 1995), p 813.

3. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987), p 303.

4. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1987), pp 381, 400.

Chapter 27. Panama: Another Presidential Death

1. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), p 11.

2. George Shultz was secretary of the Treasury and chairman of the Council on Economic Policy under Nixon-Ford, 1972–1974, executive president or president of Bechtel, 1974–1982, secretary of state under Reagan-Bush, 1982–1989; Caspar Weinberger was director of the Office of Management and Budget and secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under Nixon-Ford, 1973–75, vice president and general counsel of Bechtel Group, 1975–80, secretary of defense under Reagan-Bush, 1980–87.