Petar Popovski - Wireless Connectivity

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 A look inside the black boxes of the TXmodule and RXmodule. TXbaseb...Figure 5.2 Effect of the additive noise complex baseband symbols. (a) Three di...Figure 5.3 The QPSK constellation. All constellation points lie on a circle su...Figure 5.4 Bit-to-symbol mapping for two constellations of power . (a) BPSK. ...Figure 5.5 (a) The noise cloud is a circle in two dimensions and becomes an in...Figure 5.6 Higher-order constellations. Axis labels: I (in-phase) and Q (quadr...Figure 5.7 Received constellation from two interfering transmitters, each usin...Figure 5.8 Curves of the goodput for three different modulations BPSK, QPSK,...Figure 5.9 Three superposed packets with powers , and , while is the ...Figure 5.10 Received constellations of Zoya and Xia when Basil broadcasts two ...Figure 5.11 Illustration of non-coherent communication with linear sub-spaces....

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The general model of communication system considered by Shannon.Figure 6.2 Three baseband communication channels between Xia and Yoshi with ad...Figure 6.3 Distribution of the received/output signal at Yoshi's side...Figure 6.4 Creating digital channels from Xia to Yoshi by using BPSK or QPSK m...Figure 6.5 -QAM constellation with Gray mapping.Figure 6.6 Difference between Gray mapping and the bit-to-symbol mapping obtai...Figure 6.7 Layered representation of communication channels.Figure 6.8 The binary erasure channel where Yoshi knows for sure if an error h...Figure 6.9 Layered model for asynchronous packet transmission.Figure 6.10 An illustration of the frame synchronization problem with packets ...Figure 6.11 Description of the channel with ternary inputs and outputs, where ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Binary symmetric channel (BSC) between Xia and Yoshi and three chan...Figure 7.2 Comparison of the normalized goodput for each of the four communi...Figure 7.3 Expected number of erased symbols for the -channel and the -chann...Figure 7.4 The main plot in error correction coding. (a) The original communic...Figure 7.5 Representation of coding and modulation as a concatenation of two c...Figure 7.6 Example of a trellis code with two states. On the left is the trell...Figure 7.7 Comparison of full and partial retransmission. In both cases the pa...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Entropy of a binary random variable with probability of equal to Figure 8.2 Diagram of the source coding problem.Figure 8.3 Communication through a Z-channel. (a) Z-channel with perfectly rel...Figure 8.4 Two wireless communication setups for interpretation of mutual info...Figure 8.5 Illustration of data processing inequality for a layered communicat...Figure 8.6 Illustration of water filling for two channels, where channel is ...Figure 8.7 Water filling in fading channels with known CSI at the transmitter....Figure 8.8 Representation of the good and the bad states for a binary channel ...Figure 8.9 Equivalent representation of the channel with two states, when the ...Figure 8.10 Illustration of the equivalent fast fading channel between Xia and...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 A simple example that illustrates how to create a discrete communic...Figure 9.2 (a) The periodic waveform with a period of sent by Zoya. (b) Yosh...Figure 9.3 Zoya uses the frequency to transmit the complex symbol at time Figure 9.4 Number of channel uses in a given bandwidth . Each vertical arrow ...Figure 9.5 Interference between signals with different frequencies. (a) Observ...Figure 9.6 Signals with finite duration and the Fourier Transform. (a) Possibl...Figure 9.7 Illustration of chip synchronous, but not symbol synchronous, trans...Figure 9.8 An illustration how CDMA works and why the effect of a spread spect...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Electromagnetic radiation of the base station Basil at a distance Figure 10.2 Definition of a coverage area, represented by gray shading. (a) As...Figure 10.3 Illustration of radiation patterns of the antennas used by Zoya an...Figure 10.4 Yoshi tries to orient his antenna in a way in which the interferen...Figure 10.5 Change in the coverage area depending on the directivity of the an...Figure 10.6 An example of an object that causes diffraction at low frequency, ...Figure 10.7 Illustration of the two-ray propagation from the sender Zoya to th...Figure 10.8 A detailed diagram of the LLCHannel (low layer channel) that shows...Figure 10.9 An example of a channel impulse response defined for the channel b...Figure 10.10 Illustration of the frequency selectivity in multipath channels. ...Figure 10.11 Scenario in which the direct path between Zoya and Yoshi is block...Figure 10.12 Illustration of the Doppler shift when Zoya transmits a sinusoida...Figure 10.13 Yoshi moves towards Zoya at a speed , but the speed along the di...Figure 10.14 Illustration of the ideas to combat the multipath propagation. (a...Figure 10.15 A physical setup that corresponds to: (a) Rayeigh fading, without...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Use of multiple antennas to support the communication between Zoya...Figure 11.2 Illustration of the propagation effects when the transmitter and t...Figure 11.3 Coverage area with directed antennas. (a) Passive directed antenna...Figure 11.4 Illustration of the distribution of the signals and interference w...Figure 11.5 Difference between superposition coding and nonlinear precoding. T...Figure 11.6 Example of spectrum sharing among three links by using digital bea...Figure 11.7 Illustration of a massive MIMO. Basil and Bastian are base station...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Illustration of different use cases for connections that are fully...Figure 12.2 Communication scenario built around monitoring of a physical pheno...Figure 12.3 Illustration of the basic coverage options. BS1, BS2, and BS3 are ...Figure 12.4 Wireless mobile coverage achieved by cellular networks. Each base ...Figure 12.5 Macrocell versus small cell coverage. (a) The area of a macrocell ...Figure 12.6 One-way communication via a wireless relay that provides a backhau...Figure 12.7 Two-way communication via a wireless relay that provides a backhau...Figure 12.8 Two-way relaying that uses network coding. (a) Digital network cod...Figure 12.9 Yoshi performs a soft handover by being simultaneously served by B...Figure 12.10 Wireless coverage with cooperation and coordination among BSs int...Figure 12.11 Cooperative wireless communications. (a) Cooperative downlink tra...Figure 12.12 Providing wireless coverage through a system of interconnected BS...Figure 12.13 Illustration of three different architectures in the case of upli...Figure 12.14 Competition for wireless communication resources. Only desired li...Figure 12.15 Coexistence and spectrum sharing in unlicensed frequency bands. (...