10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 New business challenges versus improve performanceFigure 10.2 Pyramid of a process monitoring systemFigure 10.3 Fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.4 Characteristics of an automated real–time process monitoring sys...Figure 10.5 Concerns when building an effective fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.6 Different requirements of different stakeholders from fault diag...Figure 10.7 Summary of user perspective and challenges to build an effective...Figure 10.8 Principal component plotFigure 10.9 Schematic of an ethylene oxide reactor and its associated unitFigure 10.10 EO reactor process parameters along with a schematicFigure 10.11 Various challenges to develop an EO reactor fault diagnosisFigure 10.12 Chloride versus catalyst selectivity plotFigure 10.13 PCA scores plot, T 2plot, and residual plotFigure 10.14 Interface between a data historian and a dedicated PC loaded wi...Figure 10.15 Contribution plots of 15 variablesFigure 10.16 Dynamic movement of the reactor status from the normal zone to ...Figure 10.17 Steps to build a PCA‐based fault diagnosis systemFigure 10.18 Actual versus ANN model predicted selectivity and equivalent et...Figure 10.19 Integrated robust fault diagnosis system
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Effect of tower loading on the tray efficiency valve versus siev...Figure 11.2 Capacity diagram or feasible operating window diagramFigure 11.3 Vapor liquid flow pattern on the tray (Zhu, 2013)Figure 11.4 Froth regime versus spray regime operationFigure 11.5 Jet flooding and its impact on entrainment and tray efficiencyFigure 11.6 Downcomer chokingFigure 11.7 Vapor recycle increases the vapor loadFigure 11.8 Downcomer fillingFigure 11.9 Effect of weeping on efficiencyFigure 11.10 Operational guide for deriving the operating windowFigure 11.11 Capacity diagram of the case study
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Operating limits of a distillation column trayFigure 12.2 Various constraints need to be satisfied during a distillation c...Figure 12.3 Various downcomer‐related constraints need to be satisfied durin...Figure 12.4 Various process constraints need to be satisfied during distilla...
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Some chemical engineering applications of genetic programming (G...Figure 13.2 Five major preparatory steps for the basic version of genetic pr...Figure 13.3 Flow chart of genetic programmingFigure 13.4 A typical individual that returns 5( x + 7)Figure 13.5 Two‐offspring crossover genetic operationFigure 13.6 Example of sub‐tree mutationFigure 13.7 Initial population of four randomly created individuals of gener...Figure 13.8 Fitness of the evolved functions from generation 0Figure 13.9 Population of generation 1 (after one reproduction, one mutation...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Different ways to increase plant throughputFigure 14.2 Schematic diagram of strategy 2 of the maximum capacity test run...Figure 14.3 Schematic diagram of strategy 3 of the maximum capacity test run...Figure 14.4 Schematic diagram of strategy 4 of the maximum capacity test run...
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Different low grade heat recovery options
16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Flow scheme of a simple cracking furnace using an advance proces...Figure 16.2 Hierarchy of the plant‐wide control frameworkFigure 16.3 Features of potential plants for APC implementationFigure 16.4 Capital investment versus benefits for different levels of contr...Figure 16.5 Typical benefits of APCFigure 16.6 APC stabilization effect can increase plant capacity closer to i...Figure 16.7 Reduced variability allows operation closer to constraints by sh...Figure 16.8 Operating zone limited by multiple constraintsFigure 16.9 Typical intangible benefits of APCFigure 16.10 Typical payback period of APCFigure 16.11 Typical benefits of APC implementation in CPIFigure 16.12 Advance control implementations by oneof the major APC vendors...Figure 16.13 Spread of APC application across the whole spectrum of the chem...Figure 16.14 Different steps in the APC implementation projectFigure 16.15 Steps in the functional design stage
1 Cover
2 Table of Contents
3 Begin Reading
1 iv
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 v
7 xix
8 xx
9 xxi
10 xxii
11 xxiii
12 xxv
13 xxvi
14 xxvii
15 xxviii
16 xxix
17 xxx
18 xxxi
19 xxxii
20 xxxiii
21 xxxiv
22 1
23 2
24 3
25 4
26 5
27 6
28 7
29 8
30 9
31 10
32 11
33 12
34 13
35 14
36 15
37 16
38 17
39 18
40 19
41 20
42 21
43 22
44 23
45 24
46 25
47 26
48 27
49 28
50 29
51 30
52 31
53 32
54 33
55 34
56 35
57 36
58 37
59 38
60 39
61 40
62 41
63 42
64 43
65 44
66 45
67 46
68 47
69 48
70 49
71 50
72 51
73 52
74 53
75 54
76 55
77 56
78 57
79 58
80 59
81 60
82 61
83 62
84 63
85 64
86 65
87 66
88 67
89 68
90 69
91 70
92 71
93 72
94 73
95 74
96 75
97 76
98 77
99 78
100 79
101 80
102 81
103 83
104 84
105 85
106 86
107 87
108 88
109 89
110 90
111 91
112 92
113 93
114 94
115 95
116 96
117 97
118 98
119 99
120 100
121 101
122 102
123 103
124 104
125 105
126 106
127 107
128 108
129 109
130 110
131 111
132 112
133 113
134 114
135 115
136 116
137 117
138 118
139 119
140 120
141 121
142 122
143 123
144 124
145 125
146 126
147 127
148 128
149 130
150 131
151 132
152 133
153 134
154 135
155 136
156 137
157 138
158 139
159 140
160 141
161 142
162 143
163 144
164 145
165 146
166 147
167 148
168 149
169 150
170 151
171 152
172 153
173 154
174 155
175 156
176 157
177 158
178 159
179 160
180 161
181 162
182 163
183 164
184 165
185 166
186 167
187 168
188 169
189 170
190 171
191 172
192 173
193 174
194 175
195 177
196 178
197 179
198 180
199 181
200 182
201 183
202 184
203 185
204 186
205 187
206 188
207 189
208 190
209 191
210 192
211 193
212 194
213 195
214 196
215 197
216 198
217 199
218 200
219 201
220 202
221 203
222 204
223 205
224 206
225 207
226 208
227 209
228 210
229 211
230 212
231 213
232 214
233 215
234 216
235 217
236 218
237 219
238 220
239 221
240 222
241 223
242 224
243 225
244 226
245 227
246 228
247 229
248 230
249 231
250 232
251 233
252 234
253 235
254 238
255 236
256 237
257 239
258 240
259 241
260 242
261 243
262 244
263 245
264 246
265 247
266 248
267 249
268 250
269 251
270 252
271 253
272 254
273 255
274 256
275 257
276 259
277 260
278 261
279 262
280 263
281 264
282 265
Читать дальше