Egbert Torenbeek - Essentials of Supersonic Commercial Aircraft Conceptual Design

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Egbert Torenbeek

Delft University of Technology

Netherlands

This edition first published 2020

© 2020 Egbert Torenbeek. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Torenbeek, Egbert, author.

Title: Essentials of supersonic commercial aircraft conceptual design /

Egbert Torenbeek, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.

Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2020.

| Series: Aerospace series | Includes bibliographical references and

index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019053571 (print) | LCCN 2019053572 (ebook) | ISBN

9781119667001 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119667032 (adobe pdf) | ISBN

9781119667049 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Supersonic transport planes--Design and construction.

Classification: LCC TL685.7 .T67 2020 (print) | LCC TL685.7 (ebook) | DDC

629.133/349--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019053571

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019053572

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: Supersonic plane © JimboMcKimbo/Shutterstock, The nose of the concord © Kenneth Summers/Shutterstock

This book is dedicated to my wife Nel Torenbeek-Volker with sincere thanks for her patience and stimulus during more than six years of hard work.

Egbert Torenbeek's book on commercial supersonic aircraft design is timely, exactly 50 years after the first flight of the Concorde in 1969. It performed scheduled flights for 27 years and was able to operate with a profit because the aircraft's attractiveness was able to sustain a high ticket price. As such, the Concorde is the reference aircraft in Torenbeek's book, which starts with a chapter on Concorde's development and service. Torenbeek believes that “a new generation of supersonic passenger aircraft could have a commercial future a decade from now”. From this the author takes his motivation. He writes for a potential engineering team producing a conceptual design for a supersonic airliner. For his wider readership Torenbeek digests the best of the available literature and puts it together in a concise form. He draws his own books and papers on aircraft design and quotes authors that were on the forefront of supersonic aerodynamics: L. Prandtl, J. Ackeret, M.M. Munk, T. Von Kármán, A. Busemann, D. Küchemann, R.T. Jones and J.D. Anderson Jr. Moreover, some knowledge from the ESDU Data Sheets is used. Although many books are available about supersonic aerodynamics and supersonic design, Torenbeek puts all this together and writes about supersonic commercial aircraft design. In Chapter 8about aerodynamic efficiency of supersonic cruise vehicle configurations, the pros and cons of configurations are compared, in particular the aft tail, foreplane and tailles designs. Clearly, the book has an aerodynamic focus as the aircraft cruise speed is supersonic, but the aerodynamic aspects are always discussed from a design perspective. This is especially true for Chapter 3about weight sensitivity and energy efficiency, where Torenbeek starts this item with the first law of aircraft design, which states that the sum of the payload fraction, the empty weight fraction and the fuel fraction is equal to one. This equation also shows that not every design problem will have a solution if technology parameters for lightweight design and/or fuel weight are suitable. In the case of the Concorde, the maximum payload is only 6%, its empty weight fraction is 44%, and the relative fuel mass fraction is 50%. This is not a favorable comparison with the relative 25% for subsonic short‐range passenger aircraft and 10% for subsonic long‐range aircraft.