Tina M. Henkin - Snyder and Champness Molecular Genetics of Bacteria

12 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Complementation of lac mutations. One mutation ( m1 ) is in the chro...Figure 11.2 The pjac mutations cannot be complemented and are cis acting. A pl ...Figure 11.3 Complementation with two types of constitutive mutations. (A)The Figure 11.4 The Jacob and Monod model for negative regulation of the lac opero...Figure 11.5 Locations of the three operators in the lac operon (A)and a model...Figure 11.6 (A)DNA sequence of the promoter and operator regions of the lac o...Figure 11.7 Three-dimensional structure of the LacI protein, showing regions d...Figure 11.8 Structure of the galactose operon of E. coli . The galE , galT , and Figure 11.9 Pathway for galactose utilization In E. coli .Figure 11.10 Formation of the gal operon repressosome. (A)Structure of the ga ...Figure 11.11 Structure of the tryptophan biosynthetic ( trp ) operon of E. coli .Figure 11.12 Negative regulation of the trp operon by the TrpR repressor. Bind...Figure 11.13 Structure of the TrpR repressor and an illustration of how trypto...Figure 11.14 (A)Structure and function of the L-arabinose operon of E. coli . Figure 1 Figures 1–4 adapted from Dove SL, Hochschild A, in Higgins NP (ed), T ...Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 11.15 Recessiveness of araC mutations. The presence of a wild-type copy...Figure 11.16 A model to explain how AraC can be a positive activator of the ar ...Figure 11.17 Face-of-the-helix dependence. (A)Molecules of AraC in the PI sta...Figure 11.18 Regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation pathways. (...Figure 11.19 Transcription attenuation. (A)The presence of a transcription te...Figure 11.20 Structure of the leader region of the trp operon. (A)Key feature...Figure 11.21 Details of regulation by transcription attenuation In the trp ope...Figure 11.22 TRAP regulation of the trp operon in Bacillus subtilis . (A)Model...Figure 11.23 Regulation of the bgl operon by proteinmediated antltermlnatlon. Figure 11.24 The tRNA-responsive T box riboswitch system. The leader RNAs for ...Figure 11.25 Metabolite-binding riboswitch regulation of transcription attenua...Figure 11.26 Regulation by mRNA degradation. The E. coli rne gene, which encod...Figure 11.27 Regulation of the E. coli rpoH gene by an RNA thermosensor. Trans...Figure 11.28 Regulation by translational arrest in the ribosome. (A)Regulatio...Figure 11.29 Regulated proteolysis of o sby adaptors and antiadaptors. Under n...

13 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Diauxic growth of E. coli in a mixture of glucose and galactose. T...Figure 12.2 Exogenous glucose inhibits both cAMP synthesis and the uptake of o...Figure 12.3 Model for CAP activation at class I and class II CAP-dependent pro...Figure 12.4 Summary of the RNA polymerase-promoter and activator-promoter inte...Figure 12.5 Regulation of the lac operon by both glucose and the inducer lacto...Figure 12.6 Mutations in the lac regulatory region that affect activation by c...Figure 12.7 Carbon catabolite regulation in B. subtilis . (A)The CcpA regulato...Figure 12.8 Pathways for nitrogen assimilation in E. coli and other enteric ba...Figure 12.9 Regulation of nitrogen assimilation genes by a signal transduction...Figure 1 Modified from Dhiman A, Schleif R, J Bacteriol 182:5076–5081, 2000.Figure 2Figure 12.10 Sequence comparison of promoters recognized by the RNA polymerase...Figure 12.11 Model for the activation of the p 2promoter by phosphorylated Ntr...Figure 12.12 Translational autoregulation of ribosomal protein gene expression...Figure 12.13 Model for synthesis of ppGpp after amino acid starvation. Cells a...Figure 12.14 Regulation of SpoT activity. SpoT has both (p) ppGpp synthetase a...Figure 12.15 Induction of the heat shock response in E. coli . The rpoH mRNA is...Figure 12.16 Repression and activation by the DsrA sRNA. (A)Domain 1 of the D...Figure 12.17 Two envelope stress responses in E. coli respond to different str...Figure 12.18 Regulation of operons in the Fur regulon. (Left)Negative regulat...Figure 12.19 Regulation of the C. diphtheriae tox gene of prophage ß. The DtxR...Figure 12.20 Regulatory cascade for V. cholerae virulence factors. The ToxR-To...Figure 12.21 Quorum sensing. In systems regulated by quorum sensing, expressio...Figure 12.22 Quorum sensing in Photobacterium harveyi and Vibrio cholerae . (A)Figure 12.23 Stages of sporulation. The left side of each panel shows an elect...Figure 12.24 The phosphorelay activation of the transcription factor Spo0A. Th...Figure 12.25 Phosphate transfer through the sporulation phosphorelay. Unlike m...Figure 12.26 Compartmentalization of sigma factors and temporal regulation of ...Figure 12.27 Sequential and compartmentalized activation of the B. subtilis sp...Figure 12.28 Model for the regulation of σ Factivity. SpoIIAB holds σ Fin an I...Figure 12.29 Model for activation of σ Εin the mother cell compartment....Figure 12.30 Model for regulation of Pro-σ Kprocessing. Proteolytic cleavage o...

14 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Bacterial strains from within the same species can be significantl...Figure 1 Figure 2 Modified from Gill SR, Fouts DE, Archer GL, et al, J Bacteriol 187:24...Figure 1Figure 2Figure 13.2 Popular DNA-sequencing strategies involve fragmenting the DNA subs...Figure 13.3 Steps in PCR. In the first cycle, the template is denatured by hea...Figure 13.4 Multiple types of restriction endonucleases exist where the DNA se...Figure 13.5 Recombinant DNAs can be joined using compatible ends formed by dig...Figure 13.6 A single gene from a region of the genome can be cloned using PCR ...Figure 13.7 DNA products produced by PCR and cleaved with restriction endonucl...Figure 13.8 TA cloning and Topo TA cloning. (A)TA and Topo TA cloning take ad...Figure 13.9 Cloning with λ Int and host integration host factor (IHF). The sit...Figure 13.10 Subcloning with λ Int and Xis and host integration host factor (I...Figure 13.11 Cloning with products treated with uracil-N-glycosylase (UNG) and...Figure 13.12 Cloning with products treated with type IIS restriction endonucle...Figure 13.13 Multiple DNA fragments can be joined when they have compatible en...Figure 13.14 Gibson assembly can be used to join multiple DNA fragments in a s...Figure 13.15 Features of CRISPR/Cas systems. (A)Typical class 1 CRISPR array ...Figure 13.16 Three major processes are involved in the functioning of CRISPR/C...Figure 13.17 Simplified representation of five of the six major types of CRISP...Figure 13.18 Protospacer-adjacent motifs (PAMs) play an important role in cont...Figure 13.19 Model for how a new spacer is integrated into the CRISPR array at...Figure 13.20 Schematic representation of the Cas genes and CRISPR array and a ...Figure 13.21 Schematic representation of the cas/csn genes, trans-acting RNA (...

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