Simon Winchester - Exactly

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SHORTLISTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE 2018Bestselling author Simon Winchester writes a magnificent history of the pioneering engineers who developed precision machinery to allow us to see as far as the moon and as close as the Higgs boson.Precision is the key to everything. It is an integral, unchallenged and essential component of our modern social, mercantile, scientific, mechanical and intellectual landscapes. The items we value in our daily lives – a camera, phone, computer, bicycle, car, a dishwasher perhaps – all sport components that fit together with precision and operate with near perfection. We also assume that the more precise a device the better it is. And yet whilst we live lives peppered and larded with precision, we are not, when we come to think about it, entirely sure what precision is, or what it means. How and when did it begin to build the modern world?Simon Winchester seeks to answer these questions through stories of precision’s pioneers. Exactly takes us back to the origins of the Industrial Age, to Britain where he introduces the scientific minds that helped usher in modern production: John ‘Iron-Mad’ Wilkinson, Henry Maudslay, Joseph Bramah, Jesse Ramsden, and Joseph Whitworth. Thomas Jefferson exported their discoveries to the United States as manufacturing developed in the early twentieth century, with Britain’s Henry Royce developing the Rolls Royce and Henry Ford mass producing cars, Hattori’s Seiko and Leica lenses, to today’s cutting-edge developments from Europe, Asia and North America.As he introduces the minds and methods that have changed the modern world, Winchester explores fundamental questions. Why is precision important? What are the different tools we use to measure it? Who has invented and perfected it? Has the pursuit of the ultra-precise in so many facets of human life blinded us to other things of equal value, such as an appreciation for the age-old traditions of craftsmanship, art, and high culture? Are we missing something that reflects the world as it is, rather than the world as we think we would wish it to be? And can the precise and the natural co-exist in society?

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Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher

Copyright Copyright Dedication Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher

William Collins

An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

1 London Bridge Street

London SE1 9GF

www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com

This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018

Copyright © Simon Winchester 2018

Cover images © Getty Images

Simon Winchester asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

Much of the material here relating to the Tohoku Tsunami of March 2011 is taken with permission from an essay by Simon Winchester in the New York Review of Books , November 9, 2017.

Image of space on title page by Yuriy Mazur/Shutterstock, Inc.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins

Source ISBN: 9780008241766

Ebook Edition © May 2018 ISBN: 9780008241797

Version: 2019-11-12

Dedication Dedication Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher

For Setsuko

And in loving memory of my father,

Bernard Austin William Winchester, 1921–2011,

a most meticulous man

Epigraph Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher

These brief passages from works by the writer Lewis Mumford (1895–1990) might usefully be borne in mind while reading the pages that follow.

The cycle of the machine is now coming to an end. Man has learned much in the hard discipline and the shrewd, unflinching grasp of practical possibilities that the machine has provided in the last three centuries: but we can no more continue to live in the world of the machine than we could live successfully on the barren surface of the moon.

THE CULTURE OF CITIES (1938)

We must give as much weight to the arousal of the emotions and to the expression of moral and esthetic values as we now give to science, to invention, to practical organization. One without the other is impotent.

VALUES FOR SURVIVAL (1946)

Forget the damned motor car and build the cities for lovers and friends.

MY WORKS AND DAYS (1979)

Contents

Cover

Title Page Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher

Copyright Copyright Copyright Dedication Epigraph List of Illustrations Prologue Chapter 1: Stars, Seconds, Cylinders, and Steam Chapter 2: Extremely Flat and Incredibly Close Chapter 3: A Gun in Every Home, a Clock in Every Cabin Chapter 4: On the Verge of a More Perfect World Chapter 5: The Irresistible Lure of the Highway Chapter 6: Precision and Peril, Six Miles High Chapter 7: Through a Glass, Distinctly Chapter 8: Where Am I, and What Is the Time? Chapter 9: Squeezing Beyond Boundaries Chapter 10: On the Necessity for Equipoise Afterword: The Measure of All Things Acknowledgments A Glossary of Possibly Unfamiliar Terms Bibliography Index About the Author Also by Simon Winchester About the Publisher William Collins An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF www.WilliamCollinsBooks.com This eBook first published in Great Britain by William Collins in 2018 Copyright © Simon Winchester 2018 Cover images © Getty Images Simon Winchester asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work Much of the material here relating to the Tohoku Tsunami of March 2011 is taken with permission from an essay by Simon Winchester in the New York Review of Books , November 9, 2017. Image of space on title page by Yuriy Mazur/Shutterstock, Inc. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins Source ISBN: 9780008241766 Ebook Edition © May 2018 ISBN: 9780008241797 Version: 2019-11-12

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