Peter M. Curtis - Maintaining Mission Critical Systems in a 24/7 Environment

Teresa Lindsey, BITS – Chapter Questions

Wai‐Lin Litzke, Brookhaven National Labs (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

Michael Mallia, AFCO Systems (Appendix C – Air Flow Management)

Kevin McCarthy, EDG2 Inc. ( Chapter 10– UPS Systems)

Joseph McPartland III, American Power Conversion ( Chapter 10‐ UPS Systems)

John Mezic, PMC Group One, LLC ( Chapter 3– Mission Critical Engineering, Chapter 10– UPS Systems, Appendix B – Mission Critical Questions & Appendix C – Airflow Management – A Systems Approach)

Stefan Miesbach, SIEMENS ( Chapter 2– Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency)

Mark Mills – Digital Power Group

Samuel Morales Garcia, PMC Group One, LLC ( Chapter 1– Reliability and Resiliency)

David P. Mulholland, PDI ( Chapter 8– Static Transfer Switches)

Gary Olsen, P.E., Cummins ( Chapter 5– Standby Generators)

Ted Pappas, Keyspan Engineering ( Chapter 3– Mission Critical Engineering)

Anthony Pinkey, Layer Zero Power Systems, Inc. ( Chapter 8– Static Transfer Switches)

Anthony Pinkey, Mitsubishi Power ( Chapter 10– UPS Systems)

Walter Poggi, Retlif Testing Laboratories ( Chapter 2– Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency)

Martin Robinson, IRISS ( Chapter 4– Mission Critical Electrical Systems Maintenance and Safety)

Richard Rotanz, Applied Science Foundation for Homeland Security (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

Dan Sabino, PMC Group One, LLC, ( Chapter 7– Power Transfer Switch Technology)

Douglas H. Sandberg, GHI Group ( Chapter 7– Power Transfer Switch Technology)

Ron Shapiro, P.E., Cosentini Mission Critical ( Chapter 4– Mission Critical Electrical Systems Maintenance and Safety)

Terri Sinski, Strategic Planning Partners (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

Robert Sullivan ( Chapter 11– Data Center Cooling Systems)

David Taylor, Victaulic ( Chapter 14– Fire Protection in Mission Critical Infrastructures)

Kenneth Uhlman, P.E., Eaton/Cutler Hammer– Technical Discussions

Steve Vechy, Enersys ( Chapter 10– UPS Systems)

Thank you, Dr. Robert Amundsen, Director of the Energy Management Graduate Program at New York Institute of Technology, who gave me my first teaching opportunity in 1994. It has allowed me to continually develop professionally, learn, and pollinate many groups with the information presented in this book.

I'd like to thank two early pioneers of this industry for defining what Mission Critical really means to me and the industry. I am appreciative for the knowledge they have imparted to me. Borio Gatto for sharing his engineering wisdom, guidance and advice with me and Peter Gross, P.E. for his special message in his contribution all the book Foreword’s and well as expanding my views of the Mission Critical world.

I'd also like to recognize Joseph F. McPartland for his body of work with regards to educating industry professionals on the National Electrical Code.

Thank you to my good friends and colleagues for their continued support, technical dialogue, feedback, advice, etc.; over the years: Vecas Gray, P.E., Herb Tracy, Ron Schindel, Steve Davies, Mark Keller, Esq., Abramson & Keller, Joseph Cappiello, PMC Group One, LLC.

I'd like to thank my TAB board of directors and investors for their advice and guidance during the time I was building the framework for all the new technologies.

I would like to express gratitude to all the contributors, students, mentors, interns and organizations that I have been working with and learning from over the years for their assistance, guidance, advice, research, and organization of the information presented in this book: John Altherr, P.E., Nada Anid, PhD, Elijan “Al” Avdic, Tala Awad, Anna Benson, Charles Berry, William Callan, Harry Cannon, Nancy Camacho, Joseph Cappiello, Ralph Ciardulli, P.E., Charles Cottitta, Guy Davi, Kenneth Davis, Brad Dennis, Stephen Worn, David Dunatov, Andres Fortino, PhD, Ralph Gunther, P.E., Kevin Heslin, Patrick Hoehn, Lois Hutchinson, Al Law, John Nadon, P.E., John Mezic, P.E. John Montana, Jay O'Neill, Rey Parma, Shawn Paul, Arnold Peterson, P.E., Victoria Pierre‐Louis, Richard Realmuto, P.E, Michael Recher, P.E., Adam Redler, Edward Rosavitch, P.E, Christie Rotanz, Mike Sciroppo, Brad Weingast, Jack Willis, P.E, Anthony Wilson, Thomas Weingarten, P.E., Stephen Worn, Paul Yetman, and my special friends at 7x24 Exchange, AFE Region 4, Data Center Dynamics and Long Island Forum for Technology ( www.lift.org), and Mission Critical Magazine.

Dedicated to and Brian K. Fabel, Al Baker, Bill Mann, Kenneth Morrelly, Terri Sinski, and Vecas Gray; six inspirational people who contributed vastly to the Mission Critical and Homeland Security Industries and enriched all of our lives. You will be missed.

Lastly, my deepest apologies for anyone I have forgotten.

“The best way to predict your future is to create it.”

Abraham Lincoln

Continuous, clean, and uninterrupted power and cooling is the lifeblood of any data center, especially one that operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Critical enterprise power is the power without which an organization would quickly be unable to achieve its business objectives. Today, more than ever, enterprises of all types and sizes are demanding 24‐hour system availability. This means enterprises must have 24‐hour power and cooling day after day, year after year. One such example is the banking and financial services industry. Business practices mandate continuous uptime for all computer and network equipment to facilitate round‐the‐clock trading and banking processes anywhere, and everywhere, from any device in the world. Banking and financial service firms are completely intolerant of unscheduled downtime, given the guaranteed loss of business that invariably results. However, providing the best equipment is not enough to ensure 24‐hour operation throughout the year. The goal is to achieve reliable 24‐hour power, cooling, and processing at all times, regardless of the technological sophistication of the equipment or the demands placed upon that equipment by the end‐user, be it business or municipality.

Today most industries are constantly expanding to meet the needs of the growing global digital economy. The industry as a whole has been innovative in the design and use of the latest technologies, driving its businesses to become increasingly digitized in this highly competitive business environment. The industry is progressively more dependent on the continuous operation of its data centers in reaction to the competitive realities of a global economy. To achieve optimum reliability when the supply and availability of power are becoming less certain is challenging to say the least. The data center of the past required only the installation of standalone protective electrical and mechanical equipment main. Data centers today operate on a much larger scale, 24/7. The proliferation of distributed systems using thousands of desktop PCs and workstations connected through LANs, WANs, WLAN, SAN, VPN, etc. simultaneously use dozens of software business applications and reporting tools, makes each building a “computer room.” These computer rooms are also known as Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF) and Main Distribution Frame (MDF) critical spaces. As we add the total number of locations utilized by each bank all over the world utilizing the internet, we now realize the necessity of a critical infrastructure and associated benefits of uptime, and reliability.

The reputation of Corporate America was severely harmed now almost two decades ago by a number of historically significant events: the collapse of the dot.combubble and the high‐profile corporate scandals. These events have taken a significant toll on financial markets and have served to deflate the faith and confidence of investors. In response, governments and other global organizations enacted new or revised existing laws, policies, and regulations. In the United States, laws such as the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), Basel II, and the U.S. Patriot Act were created. In addition to management accountability, another embedded component of SOX makes it imperative that companies not risk losing data or even risk downtime that could jeopardize accessing information in a timely fashion. These laws can actually improve business productivity and processes.