Distance Counseling and Supervision
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Distance Counseling and Supervision: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация
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Assessing Appropriateness for Technology-Assisted Services Assessing Appropriateness for Technology-Assisted Services Counselors must recognize that not all clients will be well served through telebehavioral health services; therefore, it is imperative for them to assess a client’s appropriateness for technology-assisted services prior to beginning distance counseling. The ACA Code of Ethics states that “counselors make reasonable efforts to determine that clients are intellectually, emotionally, physically, linguistically, and functionally capable of using the application and that the application is appropriate for the needs of the client” (ACA, 2014, Standard H.4.c.). Counselors must recognize that distance counseling services are not appropriate for every client; in those situations, they should consider offering face-to-face services or providing appropriate referrals for those clients. This assessment of client appropriateness should be an ongoing process to ensure the client is using technology in an appropriate manner (ACA, 2014; Stolsmark, 2015). It is important for counselors to assess several categories of appropriateness, including access to and knowledge about technology, counseling space and netiquette, emotional stability, and safety and emergency risk management. It is recommended that counselors meet with clients in person when possible to conduct this assessment, to verify their identity, and to conduct an initial informed consent interview. When an in-person session is not possible, a synchronous videoconferencing session might be appropriate (AMFTRB, 2016). It is important for clients to understand the risks and limits to confidentiality prior to engaging in an initial session using technology. Clinicians should consider the following areas of appropriateness prior to engaging in virtual clinical services with clients.
Anonymity and Confidentiality Anonymity and Confidentiality There are numerous benefits to engaging in distance counseling, including accessibility, anonymity, and comfort and convenience for the client (Harris & Birnbaum, 2015). However, the appropriate degree of anonymity is often uncertain and not always clearly defined. Counseling provided via teletherapy must be held to the same standard as face-to-face practice. ACA (2014) identified the need for counselors to provide adequate information about themselves and the counseling process, obtain informed consent, maintain records, and collaborate with clients around goals and treatment. AMFTRB (2016) established concrete guidelines and notes that “an appropriate therapeutic relationship has not been established when the identity of the therapist may be unknown to the client or the identity of the client(s) may be unknown to the therapist” (Guideline 3.B). This has very specific implications, especially for asynchronous counseling services. The benefit of anonymity and confidentiality primarily lies in a natural sense of what it entails (Harris & Birnbaum, 2015; Richards & Vigano, 2013). Some clients feel less fear of stigmatization seeking counseling services online than traveling to a counselor’s office (McAdams & Wyatt, 2010).
Security Security Throughout this book, there are conversations around risk and recommendations to avoid intentionally or unintentionally breaching confidentiality; however, here are a few basic steps to follow to avoid breaches of confidentiality.
Liability Insurance and State Licensure Regulations Liability Insurance and State Licensure Regulations Each state has regulations governing various elements of distance counseling and technology integration that are constantly evolving. Many changes are made in response to questions or situations posed by practicing counselors or complaints from the public. It is essential to remain current on these ongoing changes by attending state licensure board meetings or visiting licensure board websites for updates and rule changes. In addition, it is important to explore your professional liability insurer’s risk management guidelines and policies to understand how they view technology-assisted services in contrast to face-to-face services. Additional insurance riders may be required to supplement the standard policy. The risk management team may also provide recommendations for safeguards. Wheeler and Bertram (2019) warned that eventually counselors may need to explore cyber-risk insurance as a part of their liability insurance coverage or as a stand-alone policy. Please explore Chapter 6 for more information on hardware and software safety.
Synchronous Videoconferencing Synchronous Videoconferencing One of the major concerns with the integration of technology into the counseling process is the inability to read nonverbal cues and interpret nonverbal communication, as this provides critical information. Synchronous videoconferencing allows the counselor and client to see each other in real time and captures the facial and body signals communicated during the session. In addition, the synchronous connection has a significant impact on rapport and the therapeutic alliance. In some situations, licensing boards and insurance companies recognize synchronous videoconferencing similarly to face-to-face interactions, but they regard email and text services very differently.
Texting Texting The security of the texting platform is another aspect to consider, as many texting applications and services are not considered secure and others might be accessible from several access points. Text messaging in the therapeutic process is one of the more controversial modes of communication. Wade (2015) stated, “It may or may not be a good idea, and there are a number of considerations that can determine the answer” (p. 11). Counselors should identify whether clients are comfortable with the use of text, recognize and communicate the limitations of text messaging, and take precautions to ensure that they are texting with clients by using a code word or some form of identity verification. Counselors should consider whether they are comfortable with texting as a therapeutic process, whether they can successfully maintain appropriate therapeutic boundaries with clients, and whether texting is in the client’s best interest. Texting can be used in direct or indirect service delivery (AMFTRB, 2016). Counselors who support the use of texting with clients might argue that asynchronous communication has the potential to allow deeper reflection in the counseling process by both counselor and client, as well as greater availability (Harris & Birnbaum, 2015; Richards & Vigano, 2013). Other therapists might find it useful to limit texting to scheduling and communicating about appointments (i.e., “I’m running 10 minutes late,” “I have a flat tire”). Many do not support client-therapist texting, as content and urgency can get lost in translation. Whatever decisions counselors make considering texting with clients, it is imperative that they clearly articulate the policies in the informed consent outlining boundaries for appropriate use and response time for text messaging. Documentation should be included in the client file as outlined by state and local statutes. Limits and potential risks to confidentiality should be explored with clients, who should be allowed to make informed choices.Social Media Voice-Assisted Technology, Bluetooth, and Gaming Communication on Devices Informed Consent Additional Recommendations to Be Included in the Informed Consent Distance Supervision Scenarios for Discussion Questions to Explore Conclusion References
9 Chapter 2: Certification and Regulation of Distance Counseling and Supervision The Promise and Peril of Behavioral Telehealth Services What Is Regulation and Why Is It Important? The Case for Licensure State Licensing Boards Limitations of State Licensing Boards The Role of Regulation in Telehealth Questions to Explore Best Practices for Practitioners Scenario for Discussion Conclusion References
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