Mankind and Deserts 2

Certain phenomena can also be studied using isotopic or magnetic labeling (Adar and Leibundgut 1995), through various mathematical or statistical models (Band 1985; Dassargues 2000) and, above all, through remote sensing (Mering 2008), especially phenomena such as floods, humidity in air and soil, and even the presence of subterranean water (Timmermans and Meijerink 1999). There have also been some systematic projects devoted to observation and measurement (Braquaval 1957; Dubreuil 1972; Roose 1977). However, apart from the large rivers, certain semi-permanent water courses and some large basins of economic interest (mainly related to oil), there has been rather a meager amount of data collected, and what does exist is fragmented, dispersed and patchy. This is partly because many desert zones lie in developing countries, which have economical constraints as well as a restricted qualified workforce. However, it is also because even among the large powers, such as the United States, Russia or China, equipment and regular tracking are allocated only to arid zones considered to be economically “useful” or profitable (Lacoste 2001).

Adar, E. M. and C. Leibundgut, eds. (1995). Vienna Symposium, 1994, Applications of tracers in arid zone hydrology . Red Books 232. Wallingford, UK: IAHS. 452 pp.

Band, L. (1985). “Simulation of slope development and the magnitude and frequency of overland flow erosion in an abandoned hydraulic gold mine.” In. Models in Geomorphology . Ed. by M. Woldenberg. Winchester, Mass.: Allen and Unwin, pp. 191–211.

Braquaval, R. (1957). Études d’écoulement en régime désertique - Massif de l’Ennedi et région nord de Mortchai . Paris: ORSTOM. 92 pp.

Cosandey, C. and M. Robinson (2000). Hydrologie continentale . Paris: A. Colin. 360 pp.

Dassargues, A., ed. (2000). Tracers and modelling in hydrogeology . Red Books 262. Wallingford, UK: IAHS. 571 pp.

Dubreuil, P. (1972). Recueil des données de base des bassins représentatifs et expérimentaux - Années 1951–1969 . Paris: ORSTOM. 916 pp.

Joly, F. (2006). “Les eaux sauvages des régions arides - Notions de base sur l’hydrologie des déserts.” In Geomorphologie: relief, processus, environnement 4, pp. 285–298.

Lacoste, Y. (2001). “Géopolitique de l’eau.” In Hérodote 102, pp. 3–18.

Margat, J. (1985). “Hydrologie et ressources en eau des zones arides.” In Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France , pp. 1009–1020.

Margat, J. and J.-R. Tiercelin, eds. (1998). L’eau en questions: enjeux du XXIe siècle . Paris: Romillat. 301 pp.

Mering, C. (2008). “Analyse et cartographie des formations superficielles à partir d’images optiques et radar.” In. LES FORMATIONS SUPERFICIELLES, Genèse - Typologie — Classification — Paysages et environnement - Ressources et risques . Ed. by Y. Dewolf and G. Bourrié. Paris: Ellipses. Chap. 11.2, pp. 413–439.

Prosper-Laget, V., ed. (2001). Eaux sauvages, eaux domestiquées. Hommage à Lucette Davy . Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence. 341 pp.

Roose, É. (1977). Érosion et ruissellement en Afrique de l’Ouest . Travaux et Documents 78. Paris: Éditions de l’ORSTOM. 108 pp.

Timmermans, W. and A. Meijerink (1999). “Remotely sensed actual evapotranspiration: implications for groundwater management in Botswana.” In International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 01/1999 (3-4-1), pp. 222–233.

Introduction written by Fernand JOLY.

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