Morris Rossabi: A History of China

General Editor : R. I. Moore

* Denotes title published.

SECOND EDITION

MORRIS ROSSABICity University of New York New York City, USA

This second edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition History

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 2014)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Rossabi, Morris, author.

Title: A history of China / Morris Rossabi.

Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2021. | Series: Blackwell history of the world | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020047565 (print) | LCCN 2020047566 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119604181 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119604211 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119604228 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: China--History.

Classification: LCC DS735 .R68 2021 (print) | LCC DS735 (ebook) | DDC 951--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047565

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020047566

Cover image: © Xinzheng / Getty Images

Cover design by Wiley

Set in 10/12pt Plantin by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

1 Cover

2 Title page A HISTORY OF CHINA SECOND EDITION MORRIS ROSSABI City University of New York New York City, USA

3 Copyright

4 Series Editor’s Preface

5 Preface

6 Acknowledgments

7 List of Illustrations

8 List of Maps

9 A Note on Romanization

10 PART I CHINA AMONG “BARBARIANS” 1 Early History, to 1027 BCE Land and SettlementEarly MankindAgricultural Revolution in the Neolithic EraXia: The First Dynasty?The Shang and the Origins of Chinese CivilizationOracle BonesRitual Objects as Historical SourcesShang Society Note Further Reading 2 Classical China, 1027–256 bce “Feudalism“?Changes in Social StructurePolitical Instability in the Eastern ZhouTransformations in the EconomyHundred Schools of ThoughtDaoismPopular ReligionsConfucianismMohismLegalism Book of Odes and Book of Documents Secularization of Arts Note Further Reading 3 The First Chinese Empires, 221 BCE–220 ce Development of the Qin StateQin AchievementsFailures of the QinHan and New InstitutionsHan Foreign RelationsEmperor Wu’s Domestic Policies and Their RamificationsWang Mang: Reformer or Usurper?Restoration of a Weaker Han DynastySpiritual and Philosophical Developments in the HanHan Literature and ArtFurther Reading 4 Chaos and Religious and Political Responses, 220–581 Three KingdomsRise of South ChinaForeigners and North ChinaNorthern WeiSpiritual Developments, Post–HanBuddhism Enters ChinaLiterature, Science, and the Arts in a Period of Division Note Further Reading

11 PART II CHINA AMONG EQUALS 5 Restoration of Empire under Sui and Tang, 581–907 Sui: First Step in RestorationDisastrous Foreign CampaignsOrigins of the TangTaizong: The Greatest Tang EmperorTang ExpansionismIrregular Successions and the Empress WuTang CosmopolitanismArrival of Foreign ReligionsGlorious Tang ArtsDecline of the TangTang Faces RebellionsUyghur Empire and TangTang’s Continuing DeclineSuppression of BuddhismFinal CollapseEfflorescence of Tang Culture Notes Further Reading 6 Post-Tang Society and the Glorious Song, 907–1279 Five Dynasties and Ten KingdomsSong: A Lesser EmpireA New Song EliteNeo-Confucianism: A New PhilosophyAttempts at ReformWomen and the SongThe Khitans and the Liao DynastyExpansion of Khitan TerritoryPreservation of Khitan IdentityFall of the LiaoXia and Jin: Two Foreign DynastiesSong ArtsSouthern Song Economic and Cultural Sophistication and Political Instability NoteFurther Reading