Immanuel Kant - Kant's Three Critiques

Immanuel Kant

The Critique of Pure Reason, The Critique of Practical Reason & The Critique of Judgment

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THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON Table of Contents

THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON

THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT

Table of Contents Table of Contents THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON Table of Contents THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT

Table of Contents Table of Contents THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON THE CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON Table of Contents THE CRITIQUE OF PRACTICAL REASON THE CRITIQUE OF JUDGEMENT

Preface to the First Edition, 1781

Preface to the Second Edition, 1787

Introduction

I. Of the difference between Pure and Empirical Knowledge

II. The Human Intellect, even in an Unphilosophical State, is in Possession of Certain Cognitions “a priori”

III. Philosophy stands in need of a Science which shall Determine the Possibility, Principles, and Extent of Human Knowledge “a priori”

IV. Of the Difference Between Analytical and Synthetical Judgements

V. In all Theoretical Sciences of Reason, Synthetical Judgements “a priori” are contained as Principles

VI. The Universal Problem of Pure Reason

VII. Idea and Division of a Particular Science, under the Name of a Critique of Pure Reason

I. Transcendental Doctrine of Elements

First Part. Transcendental Aesthetic

Section I. Of Space

Section II. Of Time

Second Part. Transcendental Logic

Introduction. Idea of a Transcendental Logic

I. Of Logic in General

II. Of Transcendental Logic

III. Of the Division of General Logic into Analytic and Dialectic

IV. Of the Division of Transcendental Logic into Transcendental Analytic and Dialectic

First Division. Transcendental Analytic

Book I. Analytic of Conceptions

Chapter I. Of the Transcendental Clue to the Discovery of all Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

Introductory

Section I. Of defined above Use of understanding in General

Section II. Of the Logical Function of the Understanding in Judgements

Section III. Of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding, or Categories

Chapter II. Of the Deduction of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

Section I. Of the Principles of a Transcendental Deduction in general

Section II. Transcendental Deduction of the pure Conceptions of the Understanding

Book II. Analytic of Principles

Introduction. Of the Transcendental Faculty of judgement in General

Chapter I. Of the Schematism of the Pure Conceptions of the Understanding

Chapter II. System of all Principles of the Pure Understanding

Section I. Of the Supreme Principle of all Analytical Judgements

Section II. Of the Supreme Principle of all Synthetical Judgements

Section III. Systematic Representation of all Synthetical Principles of the Pure Understanding

Chapter III. Of the Ground of the Division of all Objects into Phenomena and Noumena

Appendix

Second Division. Transcendental Dialectic

Introduction

I. Of Transcendental Illusory Appearance

II. Of Pure Reason as the Seat of Transcendental Illusory Appearance

Book I. Of the Conceptions of Pure Reason

Section I. Of Ideas in General

Section II. Of Transcendental Ideas

Section III. System of Transcendental Ideas

Book II. Of the Dialectical Procedure of Pure Reason

Chapter I. Of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason

Chapter II. The Antinomy of Pure Reason

Section I. System of Cosmological Ideas

Section II. Antithetic of Pure Reason

Section III. Of the Interest of Reason in these Self-contradictions

Section IV. Of the necessity imposed upon Pure Reason of presenting a Solution of its Transcendental Problems

Section V. Sceptical Exposition of the Cosmological Problems presented in the four Transcendental Ideas

Section VI. Transcendental Idealism as the Key to the Solution of Pure Cosmological Dialectic

Section VII. Critical Solution of the Cosmological Problem

Section VIII. Regulative Principle of Pure Reason in relation to the Cosmological Ideas

Section IX. Of the Empirical Use of the Regulative Principle of Reason with regard to the Cosmological Ideas

Chapter III. The Ideal of Pure Reason

Section I. Of the Ideal in General

Section II. Of the Transcendental Ideal (Prototypon Trancendentale)

Section III. Of the Arguments employed by Speculative Reason in Proof of the Existence of a Supreme Being

Section IV. Of the Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God

Section V. Of the Impossibility of a Cosmological Proof of the Existence of God

Section VI. Of the Impossibility of a Physico-Theological Proof

Section VII. Critique of all Theology based upon Speculative Principles of Reason

Appendix. Of the Regulative Employment of the Ideas of Pure Reason

II. Transcendental Doctrine of Method

Chapter I. The Discipline of Pure Reason

Section I. The Discipline of Pure Reason in the Sphere of Dogmatism

Section II. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Polemics

Section III. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Hypothesis

Section IV. The Discipline of Pure Reason in Relation to Proofs

Chapter II. The Canon of Pure Reason

Section I. Of the Ultimate End of the Pure Use of Reason

Section II. Of the Ideal of the Summum Bonum as a Determining Ground of the Ultimate End of Pure Reason

Section III. Of Opinion, Knowledge, and Belief

Chapter III. The Architectonic of Pure Reason

Chapter IV. The History of Pure Reason

Table of Contents

Human reason, in one sphere of its cognition, is called upon to consider questions, which it cannot decline, as they are presented by its own nature, but which it cannot answer, as they transcend every faculty of the mind.

It falls into this difficulty without any fault of its own. It begins with principles, which cannot be dispensed with in the field of experience, and the truth and sufficiency of which are, at the same time, insured by experience. With these principles it rises, in obedience to the laws of its own nature, to ever higher and more remote conditions. But it quickly discovers that, in this way, its labours must remain ever incomplete, because new questions never cease to present themselves; and thus it finds itself compelled to have recourse to principles which transcend the region of experience, while they are regarded by common sense without distrust. It thus falls into confusion and contradictions, from which it conjectures the presence of latent errors, which, however, it is unable to discover, because the principles it employs, transcending the limits of experience, cannot be tested by that criterion. The arena of these endless contests is called Metaphysic.

Time was, when she was the queen of all the sciences; and, if we take the will for the deed, she certainly deserves, so far as regards the high importance of her object-matter, this title of honour. Now, it is the fashion of the time to heap contempt and scorn upon her; and the matron mourns, forlorn and forsaken, like Hecuba: