Malcolm L. Hunter - Fundamentals of Conservation Biology

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For Aram J.K. Calhoun, who inspires us with her delight in the natural world and dedication to conservation.

For Kathleen E. (Cassie) and Harold C. Gibbs, who inspired many to know and care for life on Earth.

For Tavi B. Popescu, whose wonder about the natural world gives us optimism about the next generation of the Earth’s stewards.

Fourth Edition

Malcolm L. Hunter, Jr.

University of Maine

Orono, USA

James P. Gibbs

State University of New York

College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Syracuse, USA

Viorel D. Popescu

Ohio University

Athens, USA

This fourth edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition History First edition published 1995; second edition published 2002; third edition published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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The right of Malcolm L. Hunter, Jr., James P. Gibbs and Viorel D. Popescu to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Hunter, Malcolm L., author. | Gibbs, James P., author. | Popescu, Viorel D., author.

Title: Fundamentals of conservation biology / Malcolm L. Hunter, Jr., University of Maine, Orono, USA, James P. Gibbs, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, USA, Viorel D. Popescu, Ohio University Athens, USA.

Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, Blackwell, 2021.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020029682 (print) | LCCN 2020029683 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119144168 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119144182 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119144175 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Conservation biology. | Natural resources–Management. | Biodiversity conservation.

Classification: LCC QH75 .H84 2021 (print) | LCC QH75 (ebook) | DDC 333.95/16–dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020029682LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020029683

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: Palau Ngerukewid Reserve © Patrick L. Colin, Fish © Steve Lindfield, Butterfly © Naren Wagle / EyeEm / Getty Images

1.1 Return of the Tortoises to Española Island

2.1 Clear Lake

3.1 The Neem Tree

4.1 Mangrove Swamps

5.1 Giant Galápagos Tortoises

6.1 The Cretaceous–Tertiary Extinctions

6.2 The Permian Extinctions

7.1 The Eastern Barred Bandicoot

8.1 Oil Palm Plantations

8.2 Madagascar

9.1 The Gulf of Maine: A Laboratory for Overexploitation

10.1 Exotics in New Zealand

10.2 Invasive Lionfish

11.1 Implementing Gap Analyses: A Case Study in Vietnam

12.1 Forests of the Pacific Northwest

12.2 Penobscot River Restoration

13.1 The Black Robin

13.2 Resurrection of the Lord Howe Island Phasmid

15.1 The Bahama Parrot

16.1 Ecosystem Services as a Tool for Conservation Decision‐making in Coastal Belize

11:15 P.M. 20 June 1990 I’m not used to being this hot so late at night. I don’t know the sounds coming through the window … crickets? … frogs? … a wheezing air‐conditioning system? I don’t know what to do.

I’m in a dorm at the University of Florida; the fourth meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology has just ended; I’m sifting through various conversations of the last 4 days. I wonder if I should postpone my plans to write a sequel to my book on managing forests for biodiversity – a sequel that would focus specifically on tropical forests. At the meeting I’ve discovered that professors are using my book for a much broader range of conservation courses than I ever anticipated and that tells me that there is a niche to be filled.

Apparently various multiauthored books on conservation biology topics are not filling the need for a basic text. Perhaps I should add a brick to the foundation of the discipline before pursuing a more specific project. Now if I can rough out an outline before I get too sleepy …

27 August 1993 Over 3 years later and I have just finished the first draft. Actually the writing went reasonably quickly (I did not begin in earnest until May of 1992) because I chose a sort of stream‐of‐consciousness approach in which I wrote only what I knew or thought I knew. Now I look forward to spending the next several months combing the literature, correcting, refining, and updating this draft. It might seem that this approach would make it easier to convey my original thinking about conservation biology as opposed to reporting on everyone else’s thinking. Perhaps so, but I claim no truly original thoughts. I tend to think each person is no more than a unique melting pot for a vast community of ideas.