Zoo and Wild Animal Dentistry

Bunodont and Brachydont:

Artiodactyla, suidae : Pigs ( Figures 4.12and 4.13).

Giant panda

Figure 4.12 Giant panda: Strongly bunodont, and brachydont.

Source: Peter Emily collection.

Figure 4.13 Koala: Bunodont, brachydont.

Source: Peter Emily collection.

Brachydont: Browzers. Crowns shorter than roots and suffer relatively little occlusal wear, with roots that, at dental maturity, are longer than the crowns; not ever‐growing. Usually omnivores, carnivores:

Carnivora , Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, Pongidae, Artiodactyla, Cervidae : Non‐grazing herbivores, aka browzers, e.g. tapir, deer, giraffe (see Figures 4.14and 4.15).

Rodentia : Squirrels and beavers, old and new world rats and mice, kangaroo rat, porcupines.

Figures 4.14 and 4.15 Giraffe: Brachydont (browsers), bunodont, selenodont.

Source: Edward R. Eisner, skull Source: Peter Emily collection.

Homodont: ( Figures 4.18– 4.21).

Carnivora, Pinnepedia : Sea lion (homodont posterior teeth)

Edentata : Armadillo, sloth (cheek teeth )

Cetacea : Monophydont: Whales, dolphins, porpoises (when teeth are present)

Reptilia : Pleurodont homodont: Snakes, lizards

Figures 4.16 and 4.17Beaver – Brachydont, loxidont.

Source: Peter Emily Collection.

Figure 4.18 Boa Constrictor.

Source: Edward R. Eisner.

Figure 4.19Python.

Source: Edward R. Eisner.

Figures 4.20 and 4.21 Komodo Dragon.

Sources: 4.20 Peter Emily Collection. 4.21 Source: Edward R. Eisner.

Hypsodont: Grazers. High crowns, longer than the roots, forever growing, whose anatomical crowns shorten through occlusal attrition with age (e.g. Equidae, Elephant molars ). ( Figures 4.22– 4.28).

Artiodactyla : Pronghorn antelopes

Perissodactyla : Horses, zebras.

Proboscidea : African and Asian elephant ‐ heterodont, elodont tusks ( 2I 2), hypsodont molars that are loxodont.

Rodentia : Beavers, gerbils, hamsters, squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs.

Figures 4.22 – 4.24Impala: Bunodont, selenodont.

Sources: 4.22 and 4.23 Source: Edward R. Eisner. 4.24 Peter Emily collection.

Hypsodont and Brachydont:Are treated similarly endodontically.

Rodentia, Geomyidae : Pocket gopher

Thecodont:Teeth set in a gomphosis (socket), as in dinosaurs, crocodiles, and mammals, including humans and rhinoceros.

Endodontic treatment plan similar to dogs, cats, and humans:

Carnivora (Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, Pongidae)

Procyonidae, Ursidae[Bunodont 1M 1], Hyaenidae – aardwolf [Small caniform (microdontia of premolars), Homodont]: Heterodont, diphyodont, secodont carnassials teeth brachydont posterior teeth.

Primatomorpha:

Marsupialia:Secodont, bunodont and brachydont or hypsodont 3P 3K

Figures 4.25 and 4.26Horses and Zebras have hypsodont (high‐crowned; grazers), and are selenodont.

Source: Edward R. Eisner.

Figures 4.27 and 4.28 Perissodactyla : Rhinoceros. Thecodont, brachydont, hypsodont, lophodont (a simpler crown pattern than the equids), with elodont maxillary canines and incisors.

Source: Photo Edward R. Eisner, skull from Peter Emily collection.

Figures 4.29 and 4.30Somali Leopard.

Sources: 4.29 Edward R. Eisner, 4.30 Peter Emily collection.