Jeffrey McCullough - Transfusion Medicine

23 18 The HLA System in Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation 18.1 The HLA system 18.2 Clinical HLA testing for transplantation 18.3 The human minor histocompatibility antigens 18.4 The HLA system and transplantation 18.5 The HLA system in transfusion therapy 18.6 Conclusion and summary References

24 19 Cellular Engineering 19.1 Hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells 19.2 General hematopoietic cellular engineering processes 19.3 Umbilical cord blood banking 19.4 Adoptive immunotherapy 19.5 Gene therapy for hereditary immune deficiencies and hemoglobin disorders 19.6 Immunotherapy for immune diseases 19.7 Mesenchymal stromal cells 19.8 Platelet‐rich plasma 19.9 Regulation of cellular engineering 19.10 Quality assurance and good manufacturing practices for cellular engineering References

25 20 Therapeutic Apheresis 20.1 Clinical uses of plasma exchange 20.2 Plasma exchange 20.3 Red cell exchange or erythrocytapheresis 20.4 Therapeutic cytapheresis 20.5 Photopheresis 20.6 Therapeutic apheresis using selective adsorption columns References

26 21 Quality Programs in Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine 21.1 Quality improvement systems and high reliability 21.2 Quality assurance in the blood supply system 21.3 Errors in transfusion medicine 21.4 Quality assurance in transfusion therapy 21.5 Summary References

27 Index

28 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Key elements of a nationally coordinated blood transfusion service. Table 2.2 Activities related to blood availability and safety in different co...

2 Chapter 4 Table 4.1 Strategies for collecting safe blood. Table 4.2 Complete list of medical history questions for blood donors. Table 4.3 General procedure: donor arm preparation for blood collection. Table 4.4 Adverse reactions to whole blood donation. Table 4.5 Potential complications and adverse reactions to cytapheresis donat...

3 Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Some advantages and disadvantages of whole blood versus blood compo... Table 5.2 Components produced by blood banks and the medical use of these com... Table 5.3 Some of the products manufactured from whole blood subject to licen... Table 5.4 Content of anticoagulant–preservative solutions (mg in 63 mL). Table 5.5 Content of additive solutions. Table 5.6 Characteristics of red cells in AS‐1 (Adsol) for 42 days of storage... Table 5.7 Changes that occur during red cell storage: the storage lesion. Table 5.8 Established or potential adverse effects of leukocytes in blood com... Table 5.9 Platelet additive solution component concentration (mM). Table 5.10 Plasma‐derivative products. Table 5.11 Coagulation factor and inhibitor levels in 12 lots of Octaplas.

4 Chapter 6 Table 6.1 Instruments available in the United States for collection of blood ... Table 6.2 Comparison of red cell units prepared from whole blood with red cel... Table 6.3 Effects of 10 μg/kg G‐CSF dose on the quantity of cells collected b... Table 6.4 Quantity of cells in the PBSC components.

5 Chapter 7 Table 7.1 Tests of donor blood performed in the United States.Table 7.2 Automated systems for red cell typing and antibody testing of donat...Table 7.3 Common causes of ABO typing discrepancies.Table 7.4 Automated systems for infectious disease testing of donated blood.Table 7.5 Sequence of testing of donated blood.

6 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Major red blood cell group systems containing 230 antigen specifici...Table 8.2 Molecular and biochemical characteristics of the International Soci...Table 8.3 A 1A 2BO phenotype, gene, and genotype frequencies in southern Englan...Table 8.4 Genes and antigens of the ABH system and ABO type of donor red cell...Table 8.5 Serologic reactions and the Weiner and Fisher–Race nomenclature for...Table 8.6 General laboratory reactions of some blood group antibodies.Table 8.7 Methods of characterizing red cell antibodies.Table 8.8 Rare blood types associated with abnormal morphology or disease.Table 8.9 Clinical conditions with red cell antigen alteration.Table 8.10 Functions of molecules that contain red cell blood group antigens.Table 8.11 Human platelet allo‐antigens.Table 8.12 Clinical situations involving platelet‐specific antigens and antib...Table 8.13 Granulocyte alloantigens.Table 8.14 Clinical situations involving granulocyte‐specific antigens and an...

7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Situations in which the direct antiglobulin test may be positive.Table 9.2 Key steps in compatibility testing.Table 9.3 Situations in which hemolysis can occur when the antibody screening...Table 9.4 Indications for repeat identification of red cell antibodies.Table 9.5 ABO antigens, antibodies, and donors suitable for transfusion to pa...Table 9.6 Strategy for providing blood.Table 9.7 Approximate time required to provide compatible red blood cells in ...Table 9.8 Steps in the evaluation of potential hemolytic disease of the fetus...

8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Physiologic responses to anemia.Table 10.2 Aspects of bloodless medicine program.Table 10.3 Clinical situations involving leukocyte or platelet antibodies.Table 10.4 Clinical situations in which leukodepleted red cells are recommend...Table 10.5 Composition of fibrin sealant.Table 10.6 Indications for fibrin sealants.Table 10.7 Situations in which platelet transfusion may be necessary.Table 10.8 Platelet transfusion: a clinical practice guideline from the AABBTable 10.9 Patient‐related factors associated with reduced response to platel...Table 10.10 Practical strategies for dealing with a platelet refractory patie...Table 10.11 Quick reference of potent immunosuppressive medications (generic ...

9 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Reaction to acute blood loss of increasing severity.Table 11.2 Mechanisms to maintain oxygenation of the brain and heart during a...Table 11.3 Comparison of crystalloid and colloid solutions.Table 11.4 Factors to consider in changing blood types in acutely bleeding pa...Table 11.5 Definitions of massive transfusions.Table 11.6 Potential transfusion complications.Table 11.7 Changes in RBC units during storage [9].Table 11.8 Potential consequences of rapid red blood cell transfusion.Table 11.9 Definition of parameters.Table 11.10 Blood component utilization by patients undergoing bone marrow tr...Table 11.11 Theoretical immunohematologic consequences of ABO‐incompatible bo...Table 11.12 Potential complications of exchange transfusion.Table 11.13 General indications for transfusion in sickle cell anemia.Table 11.14 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Key elements of a patient blood management program?Table 12.2 Blood management considerations for cardiovascular surgery patient...Table 12.3 Autologous blood collection techniques in selected surgical proced...Table 12.4 Cardiovascular conditions proposed as contraindications to autolog...Table 12.5 Complications unique to autologous transfusion.Table 12.6 Theoretical advantages of acute normovolemic hemodilution.Table 12.7 Criteria for acute normovolemic hemodilution.Table 12.8 Intraoperative salvage devices.

11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Guidelines for transfusion of red blood cells in patients <4 month...Table 13.2 Potential complications of exchange transfusion.Table 13.3 Red blood cell requirements for intrauterine transfusion.Table 13.4 Steps in the evaluation of potential hemolytic disease of the newb...

12 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Ideal features of a pathogen technology.Table 14.2 Pathogen reduction for different blood products.Table 14.3 The reasons for failure for a virus to transmit infection.Table 14.4 Characteristics of viruses that affect infectivity.Table 14.5 Randomized controlled clinical trials of pathogen reduced platelet...

13 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Acceptable blood component storage and transport temperatures.Table 15.2 Premedications to prevent potential transfusion reactions.

14 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Complications of transfusion.Table 16.2 Adverse effects of leukocytes in blood components.Table 16.3 Transfusion‐related fatalities by complication, FY2013 through FY2...Table 16.4 Causes of red cell hemolysis associated with red cell transfusions...Table 16.5 Laboratory test abnormalities in patients experiencing a hemolytic...Table 16.6 Recommended criteria for TRALI and possible TRALI.Table 16.7 Strategies to prevent transfusion‐associated sepsis for all blood ...Table 16.8 US Food and Drug Administration guidance to further prevent transf...Table 16.9 Signs and symptoms of a hemolytic transfusion reaction.Table 16.10 Symptoms related to different transfusion reactions.Table 16.11 Steps to take when a transfusion reaction occurs.Table 16.12 Kinds of clinical problems caused by immunization after blood tra...Table 16.13 Clinical and pathologic comparison of graft‐versus‐host disease a...Table 16.14 Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload criteria.