Steven L. Tuck - A History of Roman Art

1 COVER

2 TITLE PAGE

3 COPYRIGHT PAGE

4 DEDICATION PAGE

5 ILLUSTRATIONS

6 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

7 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION

8 NOTE TO STUDENTS

9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

10 WALK THROUGH TOUR

11 TIMELINE

12 ABOUT THE WEBSITE

13 1 INTRODUCTION TOROMAN ART HISTORY CULTURAL PROPERTY CONTROVERSIES DATING DILEMMAS IN ROMAN ART HISTORY RESTORATION ISSUES IN ROMAN ART HISTORY THE ROLE OF ELITES IN PUBLIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE ITALIC VERSUS CLASSICAL STYLES AND FORMS I: TEMPLES ITALIC VERSUS CLASSICAL STYLES AND FORMS II: PORTRAITURE FEMALE PORTRAITURE AND EMBEDDED VALUES ROMANS JUDGING ROMAN ART: VALUES AND CLASS ART, CONTEXT, AND SOCIAL STATUS I: THE TOMB OF VESTORIUS PRISCUS ART, CONTEXT, AND SOCIAL STATUS II: THE ROMAN HOUSE NARRATIVE MOMENT SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

14 2 REGAL PERIOD, 753–509 BCE INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF EARLY ROME AND ITALY THE ETRUSCANS ART IN LATIUM, THE REGION AROUND ROME ARCHAIC ROME: CITY PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ETRUSCAN TOMB PAINTINGS GRECO‐ITALIC ARCHAIC ARCHITECTURE: A DORIC TEMPLE AT POMPEII CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

15 3 THE EARLY REPUBLIC, 509–211 BCE INTRODUCTION TO EARLY ROMAN REPUBLICAN ART LUCANIAN TOMB PAINTING, PAESTUM ETRUSCAN AND CENTRAL ITALIAN BRONZE SCULPTURE TERRACOTTA VOTIVE SCULPTURE ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

16 4 THE LATER REPUBLIC, 211–31 BCE INTRODUCTION ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING ROMAN WALL PAINTING IN THE LATE REPUBLIC LATE REPUBLICAN SCULPTURE CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

17 5 THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS, 31 bce–14 ce AUGUSTUS THE PORTRAITS OF AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS AND THE CITY OF ROME THIRD STYLE WALL PAINTING THE EMULATION OF AUGUSTAN ART TRADITIONAL ITALIC STYLE IN THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS CONCRETE ARCHITECTURE GLASS AND GEMS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

18 6 THE JULIO‐CLAUDIANS, 14–68 CE INTRODUCTION TIBERIUS, 14–37 CE, AND CALIGULA, 37–41 CE CLAUDIUS, 41–54 CE NERO, 54–68 CE NON‐MYTHOLOGICAL WALL PAINTING, POMPEII PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INTERIOR DECORATION, POMPEII DECORATIVE METAL, GEMS, AND GLASS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

19 7 THE FLAVIANS, 69–96 CE CIVIL WAR OF 68–69 CE VESPASIAN AND TITUS, 69–81 CE POMPEII AND HERCULANEUM DOMITIAN, 81–96 CE DECORATIVE METAL AND GLASS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

20 8 TRAJAN AND HADRIAN, 98–138 CE NERVA, 96–98 CE TRAJAN, 98–117 ce, AND HADRIAN, 117–138 CE ARCHITECTURE SCULPTURE MOSAICS LAMPS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

21 9 ANTONINE EMPERORS, 138–192 CE INTRODUCTION ANTONINE PORTRAITURE ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE ARCHITECTURE WALL PAINTING AND MOSAICS SARCOPHAGI FAYUM MUMMY PORTRAITS CARVED GEMS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

22 10 CIVIL WAR AND SEVERAN DYNASTY, 193–235 CE INTRODUCTION TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SEVERAN ART PORTRAITURE BATHS OF CARACALLA: ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE IN ROME HISTORICAL RELIEFS MOSAIC ART UNDER THE SEVERANS SARCOPHAGI FORMA URBIS ROMAE ROMAN TEMPLES AT BAALBEK SEVERAN BUILDING PROGRAM AT LEPCIS MAGNA GEMS TERRACOTTA CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

23 11 THE THIRD CENTURY AND THE TETRARCHY, 235–306 CE THIRD‐CENTURY EMPERORS AND THE TETRARCHY COIN PORTRAITS OF THE THIRD CENTURY CE HISTORICAL RELIEFS SARCOPHAGI IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE MOSAICS FROM THE CITY OF ANTIOCH‐ON‐THE‐ORONTES IN THE ROMAN EAST GLASS AND GEMS CONCLUSION SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

24 12 CONSTANTINE, 306–337 CE CONSTANTINE, THE FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR ARCHITECTURE AT TRIER: BUILDING A PROVINCIAL CAPITAL ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE AT ROME: AUGMENTING THE IMPERIAL CAPITAL AND CREATING A DYNASTY SILVER VESSELS IN THE FOURTH CENTURY CE MOSAICS CONCLUSION EPILOGUE: THE FALL OF ROME AND THE RISE OF NEW ROMES SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING

25 GLOSSARY

26 GUIDE TO FURTHER READING

27 INDEX

28 END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

1 Note to Students 0.1 Map of full extent of Roman Empire under Trajan, c . 115 CE. Drawing by J...

2 Chapter 1 1.1 Julio‐Claudian man, portrait from Pyramid Hill Sculpture Park Ancient Sc... 1.2 Capitoline She‐wolf statue, 5th cent. BCE or 13th cent. CE, Musei Capito... 1.3 Statue of Roman man with busts of ancestors, “Barbarini Togatus,” 1st ce... 1.4 Cloaca Maxima (Great Drain) outlet to the Tiber, Rome, c . 510 BCE. 1.5a and 1.5b Greek Temple of Hera, Paestum, c . 450 BCE, compared with Roman... 1.6 Victorious general from Tivoli, Italy, c . 75–50 BCE. Museo Nazionale Rom... 1.7 Emperor Lucius Verus as victorious athlete, c . 169 CE, Rome. Musei Vatic... 1.8 Trebonianus Gallus bronze portrait, 251–253 CE, in the Metropolitan Muse... 1.9a and 1.9b Small Herculaneum Woman Statue, 1st cent. CE, Skulpturensammlu... 1.10 Still life paintings, Praedia of Julia Felix, Pompeii, c . 70 CE. Museo ... 1.11 Gladiator fresco, Tomb of Vestorius Priscus, Pompeii, 75/76 CE. 1.12 Silver service fresco, Tomb of Vestorius Priscus, Pompeii, 75/76 CE.... 1.13a Cutaway of Roman atrium house. 1.13b Plan of Roman atrium house. 1.14 Facade photo of Roman house, Pompeii.

3 Chapter 2 2.1 Map of Etruria, including Etruscan, Latin, and Greek communities in earl... 2.2a and 2.2b Plan of the Etruscan Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri and pho... 2.3 Tomb of the Shields and Chairs plan, Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri, 2.4 Gold fibula, 650 BCE, from the Regolini‐Galassi tomb, Cerveteri. Musei V... 2.5 Ivory pyxis, 650–600 BCE, Pania burial, Chiusi. Museo Archaeologico Nazi... 2.6 Terracotta “canopic” urn, 625–600 BCE, Chiusi. British Museum, London. H... 2.7 Couple sarcophagus from Cerveteri, c . 525 BCE. Museo Nazionale Etrusco d... 2.8 Apollo of Portonaccio Sanctuary, Veii, 510 BCE. Museo Nazionale Etrusco ... 2.9 Minerva Tritonia from Lavinium, Latium, 5th cent. BCE, in the Museo Civi... 2.10 Bronze Italic disk, 7th cent. BCE, one of three from a breast plate, 9 ... 2.11 Rome, plan of Palatine and early Rome with cemeteries, Forum Romanum (i... 2.12 House urn, 7th cent. BCE, Forum Romanum, Rome. Terracotta. H 11 in (27.... 2.13 Cross‐section drawing of cremation burial tomb from the Forum necropoli... 2.14 Temple of Fortuna acroterion of Hercules and Athena, 570–540 BCE, Sant’... 2.15 Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, plan. 2.16 Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, model. Museo della Civiltà Romana, R... 2.17 Silver denarius of Petillius Capitolinus, c . 43 BCE. Reverse, Temple of... 2.18 Murlo (Poggio Civitate) plan of Orientalizing phase buildings, c . 675–6... 2.19 Murlo (Poggio Civitate) reconstruction illustration of Archaic phase bu...2.20 Murlo (Poggio Civitate) terracotta plaque of horse race, c . 580–575 BCE2.21 Murlo (Poggio Civitate) terracotta plaque of banquet scene, c . 580–575 2.22 Murlo (Poggio Civitate) terracotta plaque of assembly scene, c . 580–575...2.23 Wall painting of Achilles and Troilus, main wall of the antechamber, To...2.24 Wall painting of events from funeral games, Tomb of the Augurs, Tarquin...2.25 Elite dining and outdoor scenes, wall painting from back wall of the bu...2.26 Remains of the Doric temple in the Triangular Forum, Pompeii, 600–550 B...

4 Chapter 33.1 Symposium scene, wall painting in the Tomb of the Diver, Paestum, c . 480...3.2 Diver scene from the roof slab, wall painting in the Tomb of the Diver, ...3.3 Banquet scene, wall painting in the Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia, 470...3.4 Dancers, wall painting from the Tomb of the Triclinium, Tarquinia, 470 B...3.5 Pediment relief sculpture from Temple A, Pyrgi, 460 BCE. Museo Nazionale...3.6 Funerary games of boxers and gladiators, wall painting from Tomb 90a, Pa...3.7 Funerary games of charioteers, wall painting from Tomb X, Paestum, 350 B...3.8 Scenes of woman’s funeral and travel into the underworld, wall painting ...3.9 Historical battle, tomb painting from Tomb 114, Paestum, 320 BCE. Museo ...3.10 Carved and painted reliefs, Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, 4th cent. B...3.11 Portrait of Velia, tomb painting, Tomb of Orcus, Tarquinia, 330 BCE....3.12 Banqueting couple, wall painting from the Tomb of the Shields, Tarquini...3.13 Processional scene, Tomb of the Typhon, Tarquinia, late 3rd cent. BCE, ...3.14 Processional scene, wall painting from a Roman tomb, Rome,