Martinez J. Hewlett - Basic Virology

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In Memoriam

Edward K. Wagner

(May 4, 1940 to January 21, 2006)

It was one of those telephone calls that you do not want to receive. Each of us, that weekend in late January, heard of the untimely passing of our colleague, co‐author, collaborator, mentor, and friend, Ed Wagner. Ed will be remembered for his many contributions to the teaching of virology and for his research contributing to our understanding of the intricacies of the herpesviruses. From his graduate work at MIT, through his postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago, and on to his professorship at the University of California, Irvine, Ed was a passionate champion for the most rigorous and critical thinking and the most dedicated teaching, setting a standard for the discipline of virology. Beyond the laboratory and the classroom, Ed loved life to the fullest, with his family and friends. The last time we were together as a writing team, in the fall of 2005, we all remember an intense day of work in a conference room at UCI, followed by an evening of touring some of Ed’s favorite haunts in the Southern California coastal towns he called home. It is with those thoughts etched into our memories that we dedicate this edition of Basic Virology to Edward K. Wagner.

Fourth Edition

Martinez “Marty” Hewlett

University of New Mexico Taos, NM, USA

David Camerini

Center for Virus Research University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA, USA

David C. Bloom

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA

This fourth edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition History:

1e; (1999, Wiley‐Blackwell) 2e; (2003, John Wiley & Sons), 3e; (2007, Wiley‐Blackwell).

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The right of Marty Hewlett, David Camerini, and David Bloom to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Hewlett, Martinez “Marty”, author. | Camerini, David, author. | Bloom, David (David C.), author. Title: Basic virology / Marty Hewlett, David Camerini, David Bloom. Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2021. | Preceded by: Basic virology / Edward K. Wagner … [et al.]. 3rd ed. 2008. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020026463 (print) | LCCN 2020026464 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119314059 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119314042 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119314066 (epub) Subjects: MESH: Virus Diseases–virology | Viruses–pathogenicity | Virus Replication | Genome, Viral Classification: LCC QR360 (print) | LCC QR360 (ebook) | NLM WC 500 | DDC 579.2–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026463LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026464

Cover Design: Wiley Blackwell

Cover Image: © Wah Chiu

Viruses have historically flickered in and out of the public consciousness. In the eight years since we finished the first edition of Basic Virology much has happened, both in the world and in virology, to fan the flames of this awareness.

In this period we have seen the development of a vaccine to protect women against human papilloma virus type 16. This major advance could well lead to a drastic reduction in the occurrence of cervical cancer. In addition, viruses as gene delivery vectors have increased the prospect of targeted treatments for a number of genetic diseases. The heightened awareness and importance of the epidemiological potential of viruses, in both natural and man‐caused outbreaks, have stimulated the search for both prophylactic and curative treatments.

However, the events of September 11, 2001, dramatically and tragically altered our perceptions. A new understanding of threat now pervades our public and private actions. In this new arena, viruses have taken center stage as the world prepares for the use of infectious agents such as smallpox in acts of bioterrorism.

Naturally occurring virological issues also continue to capture our attention. West Nile virus, originally limited to areas of North Africa and the Middle East, has utilized the modern transportation network to arrive in North America. Its rapid spread to virtually every state in the union has been both a public health nightmare and a vivid demonstration of the opportunism of infectious diseases. The continuing AIDS pandemic reminds us of the terrible cost of this opportunism. In addition, we are now faced with the very real prospect of the next pandemic strain of influenzas, perhaps derived from the avian H5N1 virus now circulating in wild and domestic birds.