Assisted Reproduction Techniques

Abdel‐Maguid Ramzy MD Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Yorain Sri Ranjan BSc, MPhil, MRCOG Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine; Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Human Development and Health Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK

Pavithra Rao MBBS, MRCOG Specialist Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hull University Teaching Hospitals Hull UK

Nivedita Reddy MBBS, MRCOG Associate Specialist Assisted Conception Unit Guy’s Hospital London UK

Giuseppe Ricci MD Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste; Director Assisted Reproduction Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Trieste Italy

Isla Robertson BMBCh, BA (Medical Sciences), MRCOG Clinical Research Fellow in Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Southampton Southampton UK

Lynne Robinson MBCHB, MD, MRCOG Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Fertility and Menopause Clinical Lead Birmingham Women’s Hospital Birmingham UK

Lawrence S. Ross MD Past President American Urological Association Clarence C. Saelhof Professor Emeritus of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois USA

Heather E. Ross JD Partner Founding Partner, Ross and Zuckerman, LLP Chicago, Illinois USA

Defne Saatci BA, MBBChir, MRes Research Fellow Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK

Mahmoud Salama MD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois USA

Shawqi Saleh MD, FRCOG Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Hassan N. Sallam MD, FRCOG, PhD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt

Mark V. Sauer, MD, MS Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Senior Associate Dean for Women’s Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey USA

Claire Scanlon MB, ChB Specialist Trainee in Anaesthesia Birmingham Children’s Hospital Birmingham UK

Ahmed G. Serour MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Al Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Lora K. Shahine, MD, FACOG Director of the Center for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Pacific NW Fertility; Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Washington Washington USA

Khaldoun Sharif MBBCh (Hons), MFFP, MD, FACOG, FRCOG Consultant Obstetrician and GynaecologistSubspecialist in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Clinical Director Fertility Center Jordan Hospital Amman Jordan

Omar Sharif Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Sherman J. Silber MD Director Infertility Center of St. Louis St. Luke’s Hospital St. Louis, Missouri USA

Kavita Singh MD, MRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist Pan‐Birmingham Women’s Gynaecological Cancer Centre City Hospital Birmingham UK

Murat Sönmezer MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ankara University School of Medicine Ankara Turkey

Barbara Sonntag MD, PhD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Facharztzentrum für Kinderwunsch, pränatale Medizin, Endokrinologie und Osteologie Amedes Experts Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Annika Strandell MD, PhD Senior lecturer, Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Donna Summers MS, ELD (ABB) Embryology /Laboratory Director Cooper Institute for Reproductive Hormonal Disorders Mt. Laurel, New Jersey USA

Sesh Kamal Sunkara MBBS, MD, FRCOG Senior Clinical Lecturer in Reproductive Medicine Department of Women’s Health King’s College London; Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine King’s Fertility London UK

Alastair G. Sutcliffe MB, ChB, MD, PhD Professor of General Paediatrics The UCL and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK

Brad B. Swelstad MD Clinical and Research Fellow Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland USA

Teddy Tadros MD IVF Specialist Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Aboujaoude Hospital Beirut Lebanon

Jennifer Tamblyn MBChB, BMedSci (Hons), PhD Clinical Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

Omar Taso MD, JBOG Senior Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology Fellow in Feto‐Maternal Medicine King Hussein Medical Centre Amman Jordan

Alison Taylor MBBS, MD, MRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist and Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine Lister Fertility Clinic Lister Hospital London UK

Kelton Tremellen MBBS(Hons), PhD, FRANZCOG, CREI Professor of Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Flinders University Bedford Park Australia

Volkan Turan MD Associate Professor İstanbul Üsküdar University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey

Jenna Turocy MD Fellow in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, New York USA

Martyn Underwood MBChB, MRCOG, BSCCP Consultant Gynaecologist and Care Group Medical Director for Women and Children Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust Shrewsbury UK

Bulent Urman MD Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Koc University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey

Usha Verma MD Professor and Director Division of Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida USA

Kugajeevan Vigneswaran MRCOG Subspecialty Trainee in Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology King’s College Hospital London UK

Lynn M. Westphal MD, FACOG Professor Emerita​ of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Stanford University Stanford, California USA

Carla Ball White Administrator Fertility Institute of New Orleans New Orleans, Louisiana USA

Kayhan Yakin MD, PhD Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Koc University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey

Kaoru Yanagida MD, PhD Professor and Director Center for Infertility and IVF International University of Health and Welfare Hospital Otawara Tochigi Japan

A. Albert Yuzpe MD, MSc, FRCS(C) Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Co‐Director, Genesis Fertility Centre Vancouver, British Columbia Canada

Armand Zini MD Professor Department of Surgery McGill University Montreal Canada

Since the first edition of this book 9 years ago, the number of in vitro fertilization babies in the world has doubled to over 8 million. New challenges have emerged, and new approaches to many old challenges have been proposed. A new edition is now due.

We were heartened to see the first edition being used as study material in numerous assisted reproduction techniques (ART) training programs and workshops all over the world. Moreover, we were humbled by many of our established colleagues telling us that they frequently refer to the book during their clinical work. In fact, this is exactly why we had written the book: to help ART practitioners successfully navigate the various day‐to‐day challenges in looking after their patients, based on the best available evidence.