Assisted Reproduction Techniques

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To my mother, my father, and Zena (KS) To Amma, Appa, Abdea, Tara, and Leela (AC)

Imad Aboujaoude MD, AIHP (Paris) Director of the Center of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Chief, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Director Aboujaoude Hospital Beirut Lebanon

Basim Abu‐Rafea MD Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London, Ontario Canada

Chiara Achilli MD Consultant in Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Hewitt Fertility Centre Liverpool Women’s Hospital Liverpool UK

Masoud Afnan MB, BS, FRCOG Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Qingdao United Family Hospital Qingdao People’s Republic of China

Ashok Agarwal PhD, HCLD Professor in Surgery (Urology) Lerner College of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University Director, American Center for Reproductive Medicine Department of Urology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio USA

Muataz Al‐Ramahi MD, MSc Director of Noor Fertility and Assisted Reproduction Unit Eye Specialty Hospital Amman Jordan

Dania Al‐Ramahi Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Ali Al‐Rawahneh MD Urology Resident Department of Urology Royal Medical Services Amman Jordan

Bassel H. Al‐Wattar MD, PGD, MRCOG, PhD NIHR Academic Clinical Lecturer in Women’s Health The University of Warwick; Subspecialty Trainee in Reproductive Medicine University College London Hospital London UK

Saad Aldousari MBBCh, FRCSC, FACS Assistant Professor of Urology Department of Surgery Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine Kuwait City Kuwait

Ibrahim Alkatout MD, PhD, MA, MaHM Senior Consultant in Gynecology and Obstetrics Kiel School of Gynaecological Endoscopy University Hospitals Schleswig‐Holstein Campus Kiel Kiel Germany

Wael Almajed MBBS Urology Resident McGill University Montreal Canada

Hussain M. Alnajjar BSc (MedSci), MBBS, MRCS, ChM (Urol), FEBU, FRCS (Urol) Consultant Urological Surgeon and Andrologist Institute of Andrology Department of Urology University College London Hospital London UK

Odai Alqawasmeh PhD Embryologist

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong

Carlo Alviggi MD, PhD Professor Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy

Medhat Amer MD Chairman of Adam International Hospital Professor of Andrology Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Ellen Armstrong BSc Laboratory Manager Embryology CARE Fertility Birmingham UK

Muhammad Faisal Aslam MD, FACOG, FRCOG Clinical Associate Professor Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Ascension St. John/Michigan State University Detroit, Michigan USA

Andreas Athanasakis MD Clinical Fellow Bristol Centre for Reproductive Medicine Bristol UK

John Ayuk MD, FRCP Consultant Endocrinologist University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham UK

Adam H. Balen MBBS, MD, DSc, FRCOG Professor of Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Leeds Fertility Leeds UK

Mohamad Bani‐Domi BSc Senior Embryologist Fertility Center Jordan Hospital Amman Jordan

Christopher L.R. Barratt PhD Professor, Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Maternal and Child Health Sciences Laboratories Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital Dundee UK

Ali Ahmad Bazzi BS, MD Fellow, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Obstetrics and Gynecology Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan USA

José Bellver MD, PhD Gynecologist at IVI‐RMA; Associate Professor at Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Valencia School of Medicine University of Valencia; Researcher at IVI Foundation Health Research Institute La Fe Valencia Spain

Louise Best BSc (hons), MSc Group Embryology Support and Improvement Lead CARE Fertility Nottingham UK

Smriti Ray Chaudhuri Bhatta MD, MRCOG Senior Clinician Aberdeen Centre for Reproductive Medicine Institute of Applied Health Sciences School of Medicine University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Maternity Hospital Aberdeen UK

Frank P. Biervliet MRCOG Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hull University Teaching Hospitals Hull UK

Jorge Alberto Blaquier MD Medical Director Centro Médico FERTILAB Buenosa Aires Argentina

Alison Campbell PhD, M Med Sci, BSC (hons), Dip. RCPath Group Director of Embryology CARE Fertility Nottingham UK