Societal Responsibility of Artificial Intelligence

17 Appendix 8 Report Proposals: “For a Controlled, Useful and Demystified Artificial Intelligence”

18 List of Abbreviations

19 References

20 Index

21 Other titles from ISTE in Health Engineering and Society

22 End User License Agreement

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Technological Prospects and Social Applications Set

coordinated by

Bruno Salgues

Volume 4

Jérôme Béranger

First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd

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UK

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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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© ISTE Ltd 2021

The rights of Jérôme Béranger to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931051

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-78630-694-4

This book is first and foremost the story of a professional human adventure that has been the fruit of much support and exciting interactions over the last few years.

In particular, I wish to thank the UMR 1295 BIOETHICS team of the Inserm/Université Paul Sabatier de Toulouse mixed research unit, and the UNESCO chair on “Ethics, Science, and Society” of the Université Fédérale de Toulouse for their trust and support in my research work on the ethical approach to AI.

Without all the people I met, this book would never have seen the light of day! I thank them very much.

To the great promises that AI brings, it must meet a great human responsibility .

The digital world is characterized by its immediacy, its density of information, its omnipresence, in contrast to the concrete world of things. Now, with the multiplication of means of connection, the decrease in technology costs, the new capacities of data collection and algorithmic processing, we realize that we can communicate elements of our environment that were silent until now. We are witnessing the multifaceted development of new information and communication technologies (NICTs), illustrated by the emergence of technologies associated with Big Data; connected objects; algorithms; nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science (NBIC); blockchain; artificial intelligence (AI); virtual and augmented reality; and even quantum computing. AI is developing at an extremely rapid pace. We should expect to see significant changes in our society as AI systems become embedded in many aspects of our lives.

This multifaceted digital phenomenon is bringing different universes together by adding the speed, intelligence, and ubiquity of digital technology to the objects associated with these NICTs. Major developments related to AI in healthcare, autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, education, home and service robots are improving the quality and comfort of our lives every day. Now, AI is fundamental to address many of the major challenges facing humanity, such as climate change, global health and well-being, natural resource development, and reliable and sustainable legal and democratic systems. This technology is, therefore, changing the way we live, consume, function and work. This is illustrated by a disruption with the past in the relationship and link that each person has with his or her neighbors. From then on, these interactions force the system to rethink each human activity. This is the beginning of a silent but very present revolution that is happening right before our eyes. A new era of change and disruption where survival inevitably requires reactivity, adaptability, creativity and, therefore, innovation.