Yusuf Cengiz Toklu - Metaheuristics for Structural Design and Analysis

1 Cover

2 Dedication To Güler Toklu

3 Title Page Optimization Heuristics Set coordinated by Nicolas Monmarché and Patrick Siarry Volume 3

4 Copyright First published 2021 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd 27-37 St George’s Road London SW19 4EU UK www.iste.co.uk John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2021 The rights of Yusuf Cengiz Toklu, Gebrail Bekdaş and Sinan Melih Nigdeli to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021932796 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-234-2

5 Preface

6 Introduction I.1. Generalities I.2. Structure of the book

7 1 Evolution of Structural Analysis and Design 1.1. History of design 1.2. From empirical rules and intuition to FEM 1.3. From FEM to AI

8 2 Metaheuristic Algorithms 2.1. A brief history of the development of metaheuristic algorithms 2.2. Generalities about metaheuristic algorithms 2.3. Evolutionary algorithms 2.4. Swarm intelligence 2.5. Other metaheuristic algorithms

9 3 Application of Metaheuristic Algorithms to Structural Problems 3.1. Objective function 3.2. The design constraints

10 4 Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms in Structural Design 4.1. Generalities in structural design 4.2. Sensibility analyses and reliability 4.3. Types of structural optimization 4.4. Basic structural engineering applications 4.5. Appendix 1 1 4.6. Appendix 2 4.7. Appendix 3

11 5 Optimization of Truss-like Structures 5.1. The optimum design of truss structures 5.2. Numerical applications in the optimization of truss structures 5.3. Tensegrity structures 5.4. Appendix 1 1 5.5. Appendix 2

12 6 Optimization of Structures and Members 6.1. Optimum design of RC beams 6.2. Optimum design of RC spread footings 6.3. Optimum design of RC columns 6.4. Optimum design of RC frames 6.5. Optimum design of RC cylindrical walls

13 7 Optimization in Structural Control Problems 7.1. Optimum design of tuned mass dampers (TMD) 7.2. Optimum design of base isolation systems

14 8 Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms to Structural Analysis 8.1. Fundamentals of the method 8.2. Applications to structures, generalities 8.3. Applications to trusses and truss-like structures 8.4. Applications to plates 8.5. Further studies on the analysis of structures with TPO/MA

15 Future Trends

16 References

17 Index

18 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1. General flowchart for structural design Figure 1.2. Representative drawing showing construction operations at Göbeklitep... Figure 1.3. Current photo of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. For a color versi... Figure 1.4. Empirical rule on vaults: lines ab and bc will remain within the wal...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1. General flowchart of metaheuristic algorithms Figure 2.2. Pseudocode of TLBO algorithm

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Three-story multi-bay frame structure Figure 3.2. Member with an axial load Figure 3.3. Member under bending effect in elastic range Figure 3.4. Normal stress for the combined effect of axial load and flexural mom...Figure 3.5. A member with transverse loads Figure 3.6. Shear stress distribution on the transverse section of the rectangul...Figure 3.7. Deformation of a bar under an axial load Figure 3.8. A buckled member

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1. Topology, shape and sizing optimization of an I-beam (Jakiela et al....Figure 4.2. Topology, shape and sizing optimization of structural optimization (...Figure 4.3. I-beam problem Figure 4.4. Convergence graph for the I-beam problem. For a color version of thi...Figure 4.5. Tubular column and A–A cross-section Figure 4.6. The cantilever beam

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1. The optimized system Figure 5.2. Truss optimization problem Figure 5.3. A 25-bar space truss structure (Degertekin and Hayalioglu 2013) Figure 5.4. Schematic of the spatial 72-bar truss structure (Camp and Farshchin ...Figure 5.5. Schematic of the planar 200-bar truss structure

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. The stresses on an RC beam cross-section Figure 6.2. RC beam with design variables Figure 6.3. Design variables of the optimization of RC spread footings Figure 6.4. Optimized RC column with loading conditions Figure 6.5. Design variables of the optimum RC column problem Figure 6.6. Flowchart of the proposed method Figure 6.7. Types of load distributions for the RC frame Figure 6.8. Model of the first RC frame example Figure 6.9. Model of the second RC frame example Figure 6.10. Model of the cylindrical wall Figure 6.11. Flowchart for the optimum design of the RC cylindrical wall. Figure 6.12. The model of the post-tensioned cylindrical wall Figure 6.13. Longitudinal moment along the wall height. For a color version of t...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. The Berlin TV Tower. For a color version of this figure, see www.ist...Figure 7.2. The Theme Building at LAX (Miyamoto et al. 2011). For a color versio...Figure 7.3. The physical model of the SDOF structure with TMD Figure 7.4. Impulsive motions Figure 7.5. MDOF shear building model with TMD Figure 7.6. TF N plot for the 10-story structure Figure 7.7. TF Nplot for the 40-story structure. For a color version of this fig...Figure 7.8. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (DUZCE/BOL090) Figure 7.9. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (Northhr/Rrs-032) Figure 7.10. Top-story displacement of the 10-story structure (Chichi/Tcu084-271...Figure 7.11. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Chichi/Chy101-N)....Figure 7.12. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Chichi/Tcu065-272...Figure 7.13. Top-story displacement of the 40-story structure (Kocaeli/Ypt-180)....Figure 7.14. Schematics of the prototype seismically isolated structure

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Stress–strain diagram as a collection of piece-wise continuous lines Figure 8.2. Ten-member truss, geometry with the numbering of joints (Toklu 2004c...Figure 8.3. Deflected shape of the 10-bar truss when the right support is remove...Figure 8.4. Deflected shapes of the 10-member truss after yielding. Material: el...Figure 8.5. Load–deformation curve for the 10-member truss. Load H applied at jo...Figure 8.6. Deflected shapes for the 10-member truss under the effect of load H ...Figure 8.7. The triangular element Figure 8.8. Twelve-member, 14-node model of a quarter of a thick-walled pipe wit...

1 Chapter 2 Table 2.1. Iterative stages of PSO example

2 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Design constants of a three-story frame example

3 Chapter 4Table 4.1. Objective function of the I-beam problem for different population num...Table 4.2. Objective function of the I-beam problem for different population num...Table 4.3. Optimum results of the I-beam problem Table 4.4. Design constants of the tubular column Table 4.5. Optimum results for the tubular column example Table 4.6. Objective function and design variables of the tubular column problem...Table 4.7. Optimum results of a cantilever beam (Example 1) Table 4.8. Objective function of the cantilever beam problem for different popul...Table 4.9. Objective function of the cantilever beam problem for different popul...