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Edited by

John W. Nelson

Healthcare Environment

Jayne Felgen

Creative Health Care Management

Mary Ann Hozak

St. Joseph’s Health

This edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data applied for

ISBN 978‐1‐119‐74775‐8 (hardback)

Cover Image: © Kaikoro/Adobe Stock (adapted by Healthcare Environment)

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This book is dedicated to the memory of John Lancaster, MBE, who died on June 20, 2020. A dedicated nurse, John felt it vital to capture the importance of caring in a scientific way. He was delighted to have been involved in the research described in this book. John will be fondly remembered by family, friends, colleagues, and patients for his humor, kindness, and compassion, as well as the admirable way he lived with cancer, facing death with a dignity sustained by the Catholic faith that was so important to him.

Kate Aberger Medical Director Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine St. Joseph’s Health Paterson, NJ, US

Pauline Anderson‐Johnson Lecturer University West Indies School of Nursing Mona, Jamaica

Alba Barros Professor Federal University São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Enfermagem São Paulo, Brazil

Jacqueline Brown Clinical Educator Golden Jubilee National Hospital Clydebank, Scotland

Dawna Cato Chief Executive Officer Arizona Nurses Association Mesa, AZ, US

Sally Dampier Professor Confederation College Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

Inge DiPasquale Manager Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine St. Joseph’s Health Paterson, NJ, US

Melissa D’Mello Congestive Heart Failure Coordinator St. Joseph’s Health Paterson, NJ, US

Ana Esteban Associate Director Quality Regulatory Compliance Columbia Doctors – The Faculty Practice Organization of Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York, NY, US

Jayne Felgen President Emeritus and Consultant Creative Health Care Management Minneapolis, MN, US

Irit Gantz Coordinator Woman‐Health Division School of Nursing Meir Hospital Kfar‐Saba, Israel

Kary Gillenwaters Chief Executive Officer Solidago Ventures and Consulting Elk River, MN, US

Sebahat Gözüm Dean, School of Nursing Professor, Department of Public Health Nursing Akdeniz University Antalya, Turkey

Lidia Guandalini Cardiology Nurse Federal University São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Enfermagem São Paulo, Brazil