Solomon Northup - Twelve Years a Slave

1 1. Pellet, Elias Porter. History of the 114th Regiment, New York State Volunteers. Norwich, New York: Telegraph & Chronicle Power Press, 1866, p. 77.

2 2. Rome [New York] Citizen, 20 July 1853.

3 3. Green Mountain Freeman, 25 January 1855.

4 4. Frederick Douglass' Paper, 3 March 1854.

5 5. Frederick Douglass' Paper, 27 January, 1854

6 6. Essex County Republican, 13 August 1853.

7 7. L. E. Chittenden (comp.), Abraham Lincoln's Speeches. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1896, p. 46.

8 8. National Anti-Slavery Standard, 8 October 1840.

9 9. Chicago Tribune, 7 June 1865.

10 10. Samuel T. Pickard, Life and Letters of John Greenleaf Whitter, Vol. 2 [Boston: Houghton, Fifflin, 1894, p. 478.

11 11. Troy [New York] Daly Whig, 3 November, 1858.

12 12. New York Evening Express, 30 August 1859.

13 13. “How film director Steve McQueen's partner found Oscar winning 12 years a slave story”, Evening Standard, 3 March 2014.

14 14. International Labour Organization (19 September 2017). “Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage”.

David Fiskeis an independent researcher and writer specializing in the life of Solomon Northup. He is the co-author of Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of Twelve Years a Slave (2013), and author of Solomon Northup's Kindred: The Kidnapping of Free Citizens Before the Civil War (2016). He was previously senior librarian at the New York State Library.

Tom Butler-Bowdonis the author of the bestselling 50 Classics series, which brings the ideas of important books to a wider audience. Titles include 50 Philosophy Classics , 50 Psychology Classics , 50 Politics Classics , 50 Self-Help Classics and 50 Economics Classics .

As series editor for the Capstone Classics series, Tom has written Introductions to Plato's The Republic , Machiavelli's The Prince , Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations , Sun Tzu's The Art of War , Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching , and Napoleon Hill's Think and Grow Rich .

Tom is a graduate of the London School of Economics and the University of Sydney.

www.Butler-Bowdon.com

To

Harriet Beecher Stowe:

Whose Name,

Throughout The World, Is Identified With The

Great Reform:

This Narrative, Affording Another

Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin,

Is Respectfully Dedicated

Such dupes are men to custom, and so prone

To reverence what is ancient, and can plead

A course of long observance for its use,

That even servitude, the worst of ills,

Because delivered down from sire to son,

Is kept and guarded as a sacred thing.

But is it fit, or can it bear the shock

Of rational discussion, that a man

Compounded and made up, like other men,

Of elements tumultuous, in whom lust

And folly in as ample measure meet,

As in the bosom of the slave he rules,

Should be a despot absolute, and boast

Himself the only freeman of his land?

Cowper

When the editor commenced the preparation of the following narrative, he did not suppose it would reach the size of this volume. In order, however, to present all the facts which have been communicated to him, it has seemed necessary to extend it to its present length.

Many of the statements contained in the following pages are corroborated by abundant evidence – others rest entirely upon Solomon's assertion. That he has adhered strictly to the truth, the editor, at least, who has had an opportunity of detecting any contradiction or discrepancy in his statements, is well satisfied. He has invariably repeated the same story without deviating in the slightest particular, and has also carefully perused the manuscript, dictating an alteration wherever the most trivial inaccuracy has appeared.

It was Solomon's fortune, during his captivity, to be owned by several masters. The treatment he received while at the “Pine Woods” shows that among slaveholders there are men of humanity as well as of cruelty. Some of them are spoken of with emotions of gratitude – others in a spirit of bitterness. It is believed that the following account of his experience on Bayou Boeuf presents a correct picture of Slavery, in all its lights and shadows, as it now exists in that locality. Unbiased, as he conceives, by any prepossessions or prejudices, the only object of the editor has been to give a faithful history of Solomon Northup's life, as he received it from his lips.

In the accomplishment of that object, he trusts he has succeeded, notwithstanding the numerous faults of style and of expression it may be found to contain.

DAVID WILSON, WHITEHALL, N. Y., May, 1853.

Introductory—Ancestry—The Northup Family—Birth and Parentage—Mintus Northup—Marriage With Anne Hampton—Good Resolutions—Champlain Canal—Rafting Excursion to Canada—Farming—The Violin—Cooking—Removal to Saratoga—Parker and Perry—Slaves and Slavery—The Children—The Beginning of Sorrow

HAVING BEEN born a freeman, and for more than thirty years enjoyed the blessings of liberty in a free State – and having at the end of that time been kidnapped and sold into Slavery, where I remained, until happily rescued in the month of January, 1853, after a bondage of twelve years – it has been suggested that an account of my life and fortunes would not be uninteresting to the public.

Since my return to liberty, I have not failed to perceive the increasing interest throughout the Northern States, in regard to the subject of Slavery. Works of fiction, professing to portray its features in their more pleasing as well as more repugnant aspects, have been circulated to an extent unprecedented, and, as I understand, have created a fruitful topic of comment and discussion.

I can speak of Slavery only so far as it came under my own observation – only so far as I have known and experienced it in my own person. My object is, to give a candid and truthful statement of facts: to repeat the story of my life, without exaggeration, leaving it for others to determine, whether even the pages of fiction present a picture of more cruel wrong or a severer bondage.

As far back as I have been able to ascertain, my ancestors on the paternal side were slaves in Rhode Island. They belonged to a family by the name of Northup, one of whom, removing to the State of New-York, settled at Hoosic, in Rensselaer county. He brought with him Mintus Northup, my father. On the death of this gentleman, which must have occurred some fifty years ago, my father became free, having been emancipated by a direction in his will.

Henry B. Northup, Esq., of Sandy Hill, a distinguished counselor at law, and the man to whom, under Providence, I am indebted for my present liberty, and my return to the society of my wife and children, is a relative of the family in which my forefathers were thus held to service, and from which they took the name I bear. To this fact may be attributed the persevering interest he has taken in my behalf.

Sometime after my father's liberation, he removed to the town of Minerva, Essex county, N. Y., where I was born, in the month of July, 1808. How long he remained in the latter place I have not the means of definitely ascertaining. From thence he removed to Granville, Washington county, near a place known as Slyborough, where, for some years, he labored on the farm of Clark Northup, also a relative of his old master; from thence he removed to the Alden farm, at Moss Street, a short distance north of the village of Sandy Hill; and from thence to the farm now owned by Russel Pratt, situated on the road leading from Fort Edward to Argyle, where he continued to reside until his death, which took place on the 22d day of November, 1829. He left a widow and two children – myself, and Joseph, an elder brother. The latter is still living in the county of Oswego, near the city of that name; my mother died during the period of my captivity.