American Environmental History

Series Editor : Jacqueline Jones, Brandeis University

The Blackwell Readers in American Social and Cultural History series introduces students to well-defined topics in American history from a socio-cultural perspective. Using primary and secondary sources, the volumes present the most important works available on a particular topic in a succinct and accessible format designed to fit easily into courses offered in American history or American studies.

1 Popular Culture In American Historyedited by Jim Cullen

2 American Indiansedited by Nancy Shoemaker

3 The Civil Rights Movementedited by Jack E. Davis

4 The Old Southedited by Mark M. Smith

5 American Radicalismedited by Daniel Pope

6 American Sexual Historiesedited by Elizabeth Reis

7 American Technologyedited by Carroll Pursell

8 American Religious Historyedited by Amanda Porterfield

9 Colonial American Historyedited by Kirsten Fischer and Eric Hinderalter

10 Movies And American Societyedited by Steven J. Ross

11 Slavery And Emancipationedited by Rick Halpern and Enrico Dal Lago

12 American Environmental Historyedited by Louis S. Warren

Edited by Louis S. Warren

This second edition first published 2021

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition History

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 2008)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Warren, Louis S., editor.

Title: American environmental history / edited by Louis Warren.

Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020046894 (print) | LCCN 2020046895 (ebook) | ISBN 9781444339390 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119477051 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119477075 (epub) | ISBN 9781119365969 (obook)

Subjects: LCSH: Human ecology--United States--History. | Nature--Effect of human beings on--United States. | United States--Environmental conditions--History.

Classification: LCC GF503 .A445 2021 (print) | LCC GF503 (ebook) | DDC 333.720973--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046894

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020046895

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1 Cover

2 Series page Blackwell Readers in American Social and Cultural History Series Editor : Jacqueline Jones, Brandeis University The Blackwell Readers in American Social and Cultural History series introduces students to well-defined topics in American history from a socio-cultural perspective. Using primary and secondary sources, the volumes present the most important works available on a particular topic in a succinct and accessible format designed to fit easily into courses offered in American history or American studies. 1 Popular Culture In American Historyedited by Jim Cullen 2 American Indiansedited by Nancy Shoemaker 3 The Civil Rights Movementedited by Jack E. Davis 4 The Old Southedited by Mark M. Smith 5 American Radicalismedited by Daniel Pope 6 American Sexual Historiesedited by Elizabeth Reis 7 American Technologyedited by Carroll Pursell 8 American Religious Historyedited by Amanda Porterfield 9 Colonial American Historyedited by Kirsten Fischer and Eric Hinderalter 10 Movies And American Societyedited by Steven J. Ross 11 Slavery And Emancipationedited by Rick Halpern and Enrico Dal Lago 12 American Environmental Historyedited by Louis S. Warren

3 Title page American Environmental History Second Edition Edited by Louis S. Warren

4 Copyright

5 Dedication

6 Series Editor’s Preface

7 Acknowledgments

8 Introduction: What Is Environmental History?

9 Chapter 1: The Natures of Indian America Before Columbus Article : William M. Denevan, “The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492” Documents Richard Nelson, “The Watchful World”Gilbert Wilson, Buffalo Bird Woman’s GardenImages of Florida Indians Planting and Making an Offering of a Stag to the SunMap of Bitterroot Forest Reserve

10 Chapter 2: The Other Invaders: Deadly Diseases and Extraordinary Animals Article : Alfred W. Crosby, “Virgin Soil Epidemics” Documents Frank Givens, “Saynday and Smallpox: The White Man’s Gift”Rethinking Virgin Soil Epidemics: COVID-19 Death Rates by Age and RaceThomas James, “Three Years among the Indians and Mexicans”John C. Ewers, “Horse Breeding”George Catlin, “Wild Horses at Play”

11 Chapter 3: Colonial Natures: Marketing the Countryside Article : William Cronon, “A World of Fields and Fences” Documents Robert Cushman, “Reasons and Considerations Touching the Lawfulness of Removing out of England into the Parts of America”Lion Gardener, “Livestock and War in Colonial New England”Spanish Priests Joseph Antonio Murguía and Thomaís de la Peña Explain Indian Frustration with Settler Livestock in Colonial California