Emergency Medical Services

11 Chapter 12 Figure 12.1 Contributors to cardiac arrest survival. While the first links o... Figure 12.2 The frame of survival. Source : Nadarajan GD, Tiah L, Ho AFW, et ... Figure 12.3 Relation of collapse to CPR and defibrillation to survival: simp... Figure 12.4 Predicted survival versus defibrillation response interval. Figure 12.5 ACLS cardiac arrest algorithm for patients with suspected or con...

12 Chapter 22 Figure 22.1 ECG of a patient with hyperkalemia. Note wide complex tachycardi... Figure 22.2 ECG of patient with hyperkalemia with junctional bradycardia.

13 Chapter 23 Figure 23.1 Health care workers exiting a containerized biocontainment syste... Figure 23.2 Transport team arrives with a patient at the dedicated entrance ...

14 Chapter 24 Figure 24.1 Proportions of unintentional injury deaths in the United States ...

15 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 View from left side of driver’s toe pan intrusion.Figure 28.2 View through sunroof of door panel intrusion into driver’s seat....

16 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Bullets of various lengths and diameters, compared with an AA ba...Figure 29.2 Examples of bullet shapes and deformity designed to inflict tiss...Figure 29.3 Effect of yaw in creating a larger surface area of effect.Figure 29.4 Shotgun injuries to chest.Figure 29.5 X‐ray of shotgun injuries to chest.Figure 29.6 Sonic wave and cavitation produced by a high‐velocity bullet in ...Figure 29.7 Knife left in situ in the wound for removal in the operating roo...Figure 29.8 Tourniquet in place in a patient with extensive thigh injury. So ...Figure 29.9 Tourniquet in place above knee in simulated lower leg crush/near...

17 Chapter 32Figure 32.1 Example of an abdominal blast injury.

18 Chapter 33Figure 33.1 Rule of nines.Figure 33.2 Location of escharotomy incisions.

19 Chapter 35Figure 35.1 The SOF‐T tourniquet.Figure 35.2 The Combat Ready Clamp.Figure 35.3 IT Clamp.

20 Chapter 37Figure 37.1 Intraocular foreign body x‐ray (lateral view).Figure 37.2 Intraocular foreign body x‐ray (anterior‐posterior view).Figure 37.3 Intraocular foreign body on slit lamp.Figure 37.4 Hyphema from air bag injury.Figure 37.5 Foreign body in eyelid.Figure 37.6 Ruptured globe.Figure 37.7 Grading of traumatic hyphema.

21 Chapter 39Figure 39.1 Guidelines for field triage of injured patients–United States, 2...Figure 39.2 Measures of field triage accuracy.

22 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 Cesarean delivery. Retraction of abdominal wall and displacement...Figure 45.2 Cesarean delivery. A, Small vertical incision made into the lowe...Figure 45.3 Cesarean delivery. Delivery of the infant from a vertex position...

23 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 A patient undergoing continuous eye irrigation using a nasal can...

24 Chapter 48Figure 48.1 Death rates in individuals 15 and older attributed to excessive ...Figure 48.2 Windchill chart.Figure 48.3 Charcoal vest. Charcoal inserts are burned in the body of the de...

25 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 NOAA’s National Weather Service Heat Index.Figure 49.2 Vermont State exertional heat stroke protocol. State of Vermont ...

26 Chapter 52Figure 52.1 Boyle’s law.

27 Chapter 53Figure 53.1 A length‐based resuscitation tape.Figure 53.2 A length‐based resuscitation tape measuring from the head of the...

28 Chapter 56Figure 56.1 Computerized emergency information form.

29 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 National Center for Missing and Exploited Children–Child Sex Tra...Figure 63.2 Blue Campaign Wallet Card (“Indicator Card”), created in July 20...Figure 63.3 National Human Trafficking Resource Center–Framework for a Human...

30 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 Metro Regional EMS Consortium 2020 Death and Dying Protocol, Cla...Figure 65.2 End of Life Conversation Field Guide.Figure 65.3 Comparison of advance directives, POLST, and DNAR orders.Figure 65.4 Sample–National POLST form.Figure 65.5 U.S. map of POLST programs.Figure 65.6 Hospice symptom management at end of life. Important considerati...Figure 65.7 Guidance for crisis care in the setting of severe, pervasive sur...

31 Chapter 66Figure 66.1a‐d Civilian‐led rescue organizations such as the Cajun Navy use ...Figure 66.2 Form for on‐scene physicians.

32 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Real‐time geographic information system display, showing a heat ...

33 Chapter 72Figure 72.1 The 360°/ 365 Emergency Medical Care System circle.Figure 72.2 Sequential versus simultaneous process.

34 Chapter 78Figure 78.1 The model rehab area. This accommodates the various key function...Figure 78.2 Sample rehab tag, showing identification, vital signs, and dispo...

35 Chapter 79Figure 79.1 Percentage of EMS workers with poor sleep quality across years a...Figure 79.2 Proportion of EMS workers who self‐report severe mental and phys...

36 Chapter 80Figure 80.1 EMS worker self‐reported injury.

37 Chapter 81Figure 81.1 PTE protocol flow chart PTE = potentially traumatic event; TF‐CB...

38 Chapter 82Figure 82.1 EMS agenda 2050 summary.Figure 82.2 The EMS Education Agenda for the Future describes an interdepend...Figure 82.3 Terms related to regulatory concepts.

39 Chapter 87Figure 87.1 2019 “EMS On The Hill Day”; Drs. Paul Rosytkus and Ritu Sahni at...

40 Chapter 88Figure 88.1 Example of a “First Card.” Source: Figure 88.2 Sample chief complaint protocol. Source: Figure 88.3 Sample determinant codes and responses. Source: Figure 88.4 Sample QI matrix PSAP dispatch priority vs. EMS disposition

41 Chapter 89Figure 89.1 An ambulance crash in 2019. The ambulance in this picture was st...

42 Chapter 90Figure 90.1 Access/demand management for regional system.Figure 90.2 From current system to future system.Figure 90.3 Steps in building an interoperable communications system.

43 Chapter 92Figure 92.1 Model state EMS system agency. From: State Emergency Medical Ser...Figure 92.2 As identified in the 2019 National EMS Scope of Practice Model, ...

44 Chapter 93Figure 93.1 Adult per capita cigarette consumption and major smoking and hea...Figure 93.2 Mortality per 1,000 persons was calculated for the central water...

45 Chapter 95Figure 95.1 Small structure ICS. ICS for small structure fire requiring only...Figure 95.2 Incident command transition. Transition of incident command duri...Figure 95.3 Incident command board. This command board allows the IC to trac...Figure 95.4 Control and unity. Maintaining span of control and unity of comm...Figure 95.5 Large‐scale event chart. Organizational chart for a large‐scale ...

46 Chapter 97Figure 97.1 Core capabilities by mission area. Planning, public information ...Figure 97.2 Example of an incident command system organization with a single...

47 Chapter 99Figure 99.1 SALT triage scheme. LSI, life‐saving interventionsFigure 99.2 START triage algorithm.Figure 99.3 JumpSTART pediatric triage algorithm. AVPU scale: alert, voice, ...

48 Chapter 100Figure 100.1 Incident command system organizational chart for unified comman...Figure 100.2 Mass casualty incident protocol.Figure 100.3 Role of medical director.

49 Chapter 101Figure 101.1 Estimate, planning, and execution cycle.Figure 101.2 Hospital evacuation by the National Disaster Medical System.Figure 101.3 Federal coordinating centers.

50 Chapter 102Figure 102.1 Partial setup of national disaster mobile hospital showing oper...Figure 102.2 Resuscitation treatment area, DMAT NC‐1 at Sea Island G8 Confer...

51 Chapter 103Figure 103.1 a and b Level A ensemble.Figure 103.2 a and b: Level B ensemble.Figure 103.3 a and b Level C ensemble.Figure 103.4 NIOSH/OSHA decontamination setup illustration.Figure 103.5 a and b Decontamination corridors using fire apparatus.

52 Chapter 104Figure 104.1 Liquids may be difficult to contain. Source: Figure 104.2 Soot, an aerosolized solid from a structure fire.