Anthony Elliott - Making Sense of AI

1 Cover

2 Title Page Making Sense of AI Our Algorithmic World Anthony Elliott polity

3 Copyright Page Copyright Page Copyright © Anthony Elliott 2022 The right of Anthony Elliott to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2022 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4889-7 ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4890-3 (pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Elliott, Anthony, 1964- author. Title: Making sense of AI : our algorithmic world / Anthony Elliott. Description: Medford, MA : Polity Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: "An expert and essential introduction to AI in the modern world"-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021014427 (print) | LCCN 2021014428 (ebook) | ISBN 9781509548897 (hardback) | ISBN 9781509548903 (paperback) | ISBN 9781509548910 (epub) | ISBN 9781509550845 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Artificial intelligence--Social aspects. | Change. | Civilization, Modern--21st century. Classification: LCC Q335 .E375 2021 (print) | LCC Q335 (ebook) | DDC 006.3--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014427 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021014428 by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

4 Preface

5 1 The Origins of Artificial Intelligence What is Artificial Intelligence? Frontiers of AI: Global Transformations, Everyday Life Complex Systems, Intelligent Automation and Surveillance Notes

6 2 Making Sense of AI Two Theoretical Perspectives: Sceptics and Transformationalists Sceptics Transformationalists The Perspectives Compared Integrating the Insights Notes

7 3 Global Innovation and National Strategies World Leaders: USA, China and Globalization The USA China’s AI Ambitions The World Leaders Compared The EU and European Developments Finland Poland The UK Outliers: UAE, Japan and Australia Notes

8 4 The Institutional Dimensions of AI Complex Adaptive Systems and AI The Increasing Scale of AI Path-Dependent Connections: New and Old Technologies The Globalization of AI Technologies and Industries The Diffusion of AI in Institutional and Everyday Life AI and Complexity The Penetration of AI into Lifestyle Change and the Self AI, Surveillance and the Transformation of Power Human–Machine Interfaces and Coactive Interactions Complex Systems Human–Machine Interfaces Interfaces and the Changing Location of Social Actors Notes

9 5 Automation and the Fate of Employment Robots Replacing Jobs: AI, Automation, Employment Automated Professions, Robot Managers Globalization, Globots and Remote Intelligence Empowerment: Education, Reskilling, Retraining Notes

10 6 Social Inequalities Since AI Automating Social Inequalities Ghosts in the Machine: Racist Robots AI and Gender Troubles Digital Inequalities: Chatbots and Social Exclusion Notes

11 7 Algorithmic Surveillance The Digital Revolution and Panoptic Surveillance After Super-Panopticon: Surveillance Capitalism Military Power: Drones, Killer Robots and Lethal Automated Weapons Notes

12 8 The Futures of AI The Future Now: COVID-19 and Global AI Automated Societies: Networked Artificial Life The Year 2045: The Technological Singularity AI Climate Futures Algorithmic Power and Trust Notes

13 Further Reading

14 Index

15 End User License Agreement

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2 Table of Contents

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Anthony Elliott

polity

Copyright © Anthony Elliott 2022