Eric Protzer - Reclaiming Populism

1 Cover

2 Dedication Dedication Dedicated to Dr. Taeko (Hoshi) Summerville and Jeanine McMurtrie

3 Title Page Reclaiming Populism How Economic Fairness Can Win Back Disenchanted Voters Eric Protzer Paul Summerville polity

4 Copyright

5 Foreword

6 Acknowledgments

7 1 The Inequality Delusion and Other Scapegoats for Populism What Makes a Good Theory for Populism? The Conventional Explanations for Populism Scapegoats and Deeper Causes for Populism

8 2 The Fairness Instinct Distributive Justice and Economic Fairness An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Fairness Evolutionary Evidence for Fairness The Eternal Threat of Unfairness

9 3 Economic Unfairness and the Rise of Populism The Empirics of Economic Unfairness and Populism The Evidence in Summary How Fairness was Forgotten

10 4 The Twin Virtues of Equal Opportunity and Fair Unequal Outcomes Substantive Equal Opportunity Formal Equal Opportunity Equal Opportunity with Respect to Unfair Events Rewarding Value Creation Disincentivizing Cheaters The Twin Virtues in Sum

11 5 Constraints and Solutions to Economic Fairness The United States: Constrained Opportunity The United Kingdom: Left-Behind Regions Italy: The Land of Too Many Antiquities France: Espoir et Erreur The Complexity of Economic Fairness

12 Conclusion: Scripting a Path Forward

13 References

14 Index

15 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1USA – Gap in the share taking a conservative position by major party affiliation Figure 1.2UK – UKIP and Brexit Party vote share in EU Parliament elections Figure 1.3France – National Front/Rally vote share in first round of presidential election… Figure 1.4Percentage of imports from China by country, 1985–2017

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1Average real GDP per capita growth rates, pre- and post-transition

3 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1Inputs to economic fairness Figure 4.2Share of population aged 24–44 with tertiary education whose highest parental ed… Figure 4.32018 PISA math score boost of one standard deviation increase in socioeconomic s… Figure 4.4Rent as a share of disposable income, 2018 or latest year Figure 4.5Share of bottom income quintile spending 40% or more of disposable income on ren… Figure 4.6Public and private health spending as % of GDP by country in 2018 Figure 4.7Life expectancy at birth by country, 2017 Figure 4.8Public unemployment spending as % of GDP, 2019 or latest year Figure 4.9Maximum months of unemployment insurance in 2018

4 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1Life expectancy at birth in 2018 vs. healthcare spending per capita in 2018 at c… Figure 5.2Healthcare expenditure as a share of GDP in the US vs. interquartile range of OE… Figure 5.3Net present purchasing power parity value of lifetime returns to tertiary educat… Figure 5.4Direct cost of tertiary education by country Figure 5.5Change in employment share by skill category by economy, 2002–14 Figure 5.6Homes per 1,000 residents vs. percentage of vacant homes by country Figure 5.7New homes constructed per 1,000 residents in 2018 vs. percent of household incom… Figure 5.8Log population vs. share of taxes revenues collected by central government in 20… Figure 5.9Average government gross fixed capital investment as a percentage of GDP among G… Figure 5.10Share of government investment conducted by central government in 2017 by countr… Figure 5.11Average % of firms reporting issue as major constraint to investment among EU co… Figure 5.12Share of firms reporting issue as top constraint in Cyprus, Czech Republic, Esto… Figure 5.13Employment rate among working-age population by country, 2019 Figure 5.14Government spending as a share of GDP in 2018 vs. intergenerational income elast… Figure 5.15Average % of firms reporting issue as major constraint to investment among EU co… Figure 5.162017 tax revenues as a percent of GDP by category among OECD members, France hig…

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Dedication

4 Title Page

5 Copyright

6 Foreword

7 Acknowledgments

8 Begin Reading

9 Conclusion: Scripting a Path Forward

10 References

11 Index

12 End User License Agreement

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Dedicated to

Dr. Taeko (Hoshi) Summerville and Jeanine McMurtrie