P. M. S. Hacker - Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
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- Название:Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
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M.R. Bennett and P.M.S. Hacker outline and address the conceptual confusions encountered in various neuroscientific and psychological theories. The result of a collaboration between an esteemed philosopher and a distinguished neuroscientist, this remarkable volume presents an interdisciplinary critique of many of the neuroscientific and psychological foundations of modern cognitive neuroscience. The authors point out conceptual entanglements in a broad range of major neuroscientific and psychological theories—including those of such neuroscientists as Blakemore, Crick, Damasio, Dehaene, Edelman, Gazzaniga, Kandel, Kosslyn, LeDoux, Libet, Penrose, Posner, Raichle and Tononi, as well as psychologists such as Baar, Frith, Glynn, Gregory, William James, Weiskrantz, and biologists such as Dawkins, Humphreys, and Young. Confusions arising from the work of philosophers such as Dennett, Chalmers, Churchland, Nagel and Searle are subjected to detailed criticism. These criticisms are complemented by constructive analyses of the major cognitive, cogitative, emotional and volitional attributes that lie at the heart of cognitive neuroscientific research.
Now in its second edition, this groundbreaking work has been exhaustively revised and updated to address current issues and critiques. New discussions offer insight into functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the notions of information and representation, conflict monitoring and the executive, minimal states of consciousness, integrated information theory and global workspace theory. The authors also reply to criticisms of the fundamental arguments posed in the first edition, defending their conclusions regarding mereological fallacy, the necessity of distinguishing between empirical and conceptual questions, the mind-body problem, and more. Essential as both a comprehensive reference work and as an up-to-date critical review of cognitive neuroscience, this landmark volume:
Provides a scientifically and philosophically informed survey of the conceptual problems in a wide variety of neuroscientific theories Offers a clear and accessible presentation of the subject, minimizing the use of complex philosophical and scientific jargon Discusses how the ways the brain relates to the mind affect the intelligibility of neuroscientific research Includes fresh insights on mind-body and mind-brain relations, and on the relation between the notion of person and human being Features more than 100 new pages and a wealth of additional diagrams, charts, and tables Continuing to challenge and educate readers like no other book on the subject, the second edition of
is required reading not only for neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers, but also for academics, researchers, and students involved in the study of the mind and consciousness.
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15 Part IV On Method 16 Reductionism16.1 Ontological and Explanatory Reductionism16.2 Reduction by Elimination16.2.1 Are our ordinary psychological concepts theoretical?16.2.2 Are everyday generalizations about human psychology laws of a theory?16.2.3 Eliminating all that is human16.2.4 Sawing off the branch on which one sits 17 Methodological Reflections17.1 Linguistic Inertia and Conceptual Innovation17.2 The ‘Poverty of English’ Argument17.3 From Nonsense to Sense: The Proper Description of the Results of Commissurotomy17.3.1 The case of blindsight: misdescription and illusory explanation17.4 Philosophy and Neuroscience17.4.1 What philosophy can and what it cannot do17.4.2 What neuroscience can and what it cannot do17.5 Why It Matters
16 Appendices Appendix 1 Daniel Dennett1 Dennett’ s Methodology and Presuppositions2 The Intentional Stance3 Heterophenomenological Method4 Consciousness Appendix 2 John Searle1 Philosophy and Science2 Searle’ s Philosophy of Mind3 Unified Field Theory4 The Traditional Mind–Body Problem Appendix 3 Further Replies to Critics1 The Mereological Principle2 Essentialism3 A Priorism: Empirical Learning Theory or the Nature of Primitive Language-Games4 Criteria and Constitutive Evidence5 Foundationalism, Linguistic Conservatism, Conceptual Change, Connective Analysis, Tolerating Inconsistencies and Post-Modernism
17 Afterword to the Second Edition by Anthony Kenny
18 Index
19 End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
1 Part 1Figure 1 Illustrations from Cerebri Anatome...
2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Significant activations over the...
3 Chapter 4Figure 4.2 The implicit metaphysics underlying standard...Figure 4.3 The presupposed hidden semantics of the standard...
4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 The varieties of thinkingFigure 7.2 The network of the concept of imagination
5 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 AffectionsFigure 8.2 Varieties of feelingsFigure 8.3 Conceptual links of natural appetiteFigure 8.4 Conceptual links of moodsFigure 8.5 Dimensions of emotionFigure 8.6 Conceptual tie-ups for emotions
6 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Schema of the voluntary
7 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 A representation of levels of consciousness/awareness...Figure 10.2 Rough representation of continua of levels of...Figure 10.3 Centres of variation in the normal use of ‘consciousness’Figure 10.4 The locus of the concept of transitive...Figure 10.5 Forms of cognitive receptivityFigure 10.6 Modes of occurrent transitive consciousness
8 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 A schematic representation of what is excluded from the...Figure 11.2 Perception and transitive consciousness
9 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 A medial section of the human brain...Figure 12.2 Reticular-cortical activating system...Figure 12.3 Schema of types of explanation of action...
10 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Mystifying and demystifying transitive consciousnessFigure 13.2 Zombies and us. It is striking how readily...
11 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Varieties of self-consciousness ( aberrations in italics )
12 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 A schema of types of explanation of human action.
List of Tables
1 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Comparison of what we perceive...Table 7.2 Comparison of mental images had with physical images seen...
2 Chapter 9Table 9.1 A small range of fundamental differences between man and machine...
3 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Schematic contrast between psychological horizons...
4 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Concept possession...Table 15.2 Schematic presentation of conceptual features of concepts...
List of Plates
1 Chapter 8Plate 1 Significant activations over the whole brain...Plate 2 A representation of levels of consciousness/awareness...
Guide
1 Cover
2 Reviews of Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience
3 Title page
4 Copyright
5 Dedication
6 Table of Contents
7 Foreword to the Second Edition by Denis Noble
8 Foreword to the First Edition by Denis Noble
9 Acknowledgements to the Second Edition
10 Acknowledgements to the First Edition
11 Begin Reading
12 Appendix 1 Daniel Dennett
13 Appendix 2 John Searle
14 Appendix 3 Further Replies to Critics
15 Afterword to the Second Edition by Anthony Kenny
16 Index
17 End User License Agreement
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