Pierre Rosanvallon - The Populist Century

1 Cover

2 Title Page The Populist Century History, Theory, Critique Pierre Rosanvallon Translated by Catherine Porter polity

3 Copyright Page Copyright Page Originally published in French as Le siècle du populisme: Histoire, théorie, critique © Editions du Seuil, 2020 This English edition © Polity Press, 2021 Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4628-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4629-9 (paperback) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021938630 by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

4 Introduction: Conceptualizing Populism A reality to be theorized The anatomy of populism The three histories of populism On critiques of populism The alternative Notes

5 I Anatomy

6 1 A Conception of “The People”: The People as One Body From class to people Them and us The power of a word Notes

7 2 A Theory of Democracy: Direct, Polarized, Immediate The cult of referendums and the apologia for direct democracy Democracy polarized Immediate expression by the people Notes

8 3 A Mode of Representation: A Leader Embodying the People The Latin American precedent The leader as an organ of the people’s body Notes

9 4 A Politics and a Philosophy of Economics: National Protectionism The return of political will A conception of justice and equality Protectionism as an instrument of security Notes

10 5 A Regime of Passions and Emotions The factors underlying the “return of the emotions” Status-related emotions Intellect-related emotions Action-related emotions Is there a populist personality? Notes

11 6 The Unity and Diversity of Populisms Diffuse populism Regimes and movements “Left” and “right” populisms Notes

12 II History

13 1 History of Populist Moments I: Caesarism and Illiberal Democracy in France The theory of the plebiscite One man embodying the people and the people as one body Democratic polarization On the Caesarian critique of parties A “democratic” vision for limiting freedom of the press Notes

14 2 History of Populist Moments II: The Years 1890–1914 The panacea of referendums The rise of national protectionism Populism aborted Notes

15 3 History of Populist Moments III: The Latin American Laboratory Gaitán: a foundational figure The Peronist regime On the characterization of Latin American populism Notes

16 4 Conceptual History: Populism as a Democratic Form Structuring aporia I: the unlocatable people Structuring aporia II: the ambiguities of representative democracy Structuring aporia III: the avatars of impersonality Structuring aporia IV: defining the regime of equality Limit forms of democracy: the three families Notes

17 III Critique

18 Introduction

19 1 The Issue of Referendums The dissolution of the notion of responsibility The difference between decision and will Deliberation relegated to second place A propensity for the irreversible Silence about the normative impact of referendums The paradoxical diminishment of democracy by referendums Responding to the democratic expectations that underlie the idea of the referendum Notes

20 2 Polarized Democracy vs. Pluralized Democracy Democratic fiction and the horizon of unanimity New paths for expressing the general will The power of anyone The power of no one Of institutions that are democratic and not merely liberal Notes

21 3 From an Imaginary People to a Constructable Democratic Society From the imaginary society to the real society The 1 percent Populist peoples and democratic societies Notes

22 4 The Horizon of Democratorship: The Issue of Irreversibility The philosophy and politics of irreversibility Polarization and politicization of institutions Epistemology and morality of generalized politicization Notes

23 Conclusion: The Spirit of an Alternative Notes

24 Annex: History of the Word “Populism”Russian populism American populism in the 1890s Populism in literature Notes

25 Works Cited

26 Index

27 End User License Agreement

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Begin Reading

1 iii

2 iv

3 1

4 2

5 3

6 4

7 5

8 6

9 7

10 8

11 9

12 10

13 11

14 12

15 13

16 14

17 15

18 16

19 17

20 18

21 19

22 20

23 21

24 22

25 23

26 24

27 25

28 26

29 27

30 28

31 29

32 30

33 31

34 32

35 33

36 34

37 35

38 36

39 37

40 38

41 39

42 40

43 41

44 42

45 43

46 44

47 45

48 46

49 47

50 48

51 49

52 50

53 51

54 52

55 53

56 54

57 55

58 56

59 57

60 58

61 59

62 60

63 61

64 62

65 63

66 64

67 65

68 66

69 67

70 68

71 69

72 70

73 71

74 72

75 73

76 74

77 75

78 76

79 77

80 78

81 79

82 80

83 81

84 82

85 83

86 84

87 85

88 86

89 87

90 88

91 89

92 90

93 91

94 92

95 93

96 94

97 95

98 96

99 97

100 98

101 99

102 100

103 101

104 102

105 103

106 104

107 105

108 106

109 107

110 108

111 109

112 110

113 111

114 112

115 113

116 114

117 115

118 116

119 117

120 118

121 119

122 120

123 121

124 122

125 123

126 124

127 125

128 126

129 127

130 128

131 129

132 130

133 131

134 132

135 133

136 134

137 135

138 136

139 137

140 138

141 139

142 140

143 141

144 142

145 143

146 144

147 145

148 146

149 147

150 148

151 149

152 150

153 151

154 152

155 153

156 154

157 155

158 156

159 157

160 158

161 159

162 160

163 161

164 162

165 163

166 164

167 165

168 166

169 167

170 168

171 169

172 170

173 171

174 201

175 202

176 203

177 204

178 205

179 206

180 207

181 208

182 209

183 210

184 211

185 212

186 213

187 214

188 215

189 216

190 217

191 218

192 219

193 220

194 221

195 222

196 223

197 224