Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems

23 23 Jovalekic, M., Vukovic, D., and Tenbohlen, S. (2011). Dissolved gas analysis of alternative dielectric fluids. In IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 2–5.

24 24 Wang, Z., Yi, X., Huang, J. et al. (2012). Fault gas generation in natural‐ester fluid under localized thermal faults. IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 28 (6): 45–56.

25 25 Martin, D., Lelekakis, N., and Davydov, V. (2010). Preliminary results for dissolved gas transformer. IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 26 (5): 41–48.

26 26 Maharana, M., Nayak, S.K., and Sahoo, N. (2018). Karanji oil as a potential dielectrics liquid for transformer. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 25 (5): 1871–1879.

27 27 McShane, C.P. (2002). Vegetable‐oil‐based dielectric coolant. IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. 8 (3): 34–41.

28 28 Bremmer, B.J. and Larry, P. (2008). Biobased lubricants market study, United Soybean Board.

29 29 Azmi, K., Ahmad, A., and Kamarol, M. (2015). Study of dielectric properties of a potential RBD palm oil and RBD soybean oil mixture as insulating liquid in transformer. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 10 (5): 2105–2119.

30 30 Dušica, I.S., Jovanka, L.D., and Slavica, S.A. (2010). Fatty acid composition of various soybean products. Food Feed Res. 2: 65–70.

31 31 Cannon, G.S. and Honary, L.A.T. (2000). Soybean based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. US 6159913A.

32 32 Egbuna, S.O., Ude, O.C., and Ude, C.N. (2016). Suitability of soybean seed oil as transformer oil. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Res. Technol. 5 (10): 105–112.

33 33 Masarakall, V.H., Sikdar, D.C., and Madalageri, S.B. (2015). Development of new dielectric liquid from Pongamia oil as alternative for transformer oil. Int. J. Tech. Res. Appl. 3: 304–309.

34 34 Bobade, S.N. and Khyade, V.B. (2012). Detail study on the properties of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) for the production of biofuel. Res. J. Chem. Sci. 2 (7): 16–20.

35 35 Berchmans, H.J. and Hirata, S. (2008). Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 1716–1721.

36 36 Sitorus, H.B.H., Setiabudy, R., Bismo, S., and Beroual, A. (2018). Jatropha curcas methyl ester oil obtaining as vegetable insulating oil. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 23 (4): 2021–2028.

37 37 Zamiri, R., Zakaria, A., Ahangar, H.A. et al. (2010). Fabrication of silver nanoparticles dispersed in palm oil using a laser. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11 (11): 4764–4770.

38 38 Rajab, A., Sulaeman, A., Sudirham, S., and Suwarno (2011). A comparison of dielectric properties of palm oil with mineral and synthetic types insulating liquid under temperature variation. ITB J. Eng. Sci. 43 (3): 191–208.

39 39 Abdelmalik, A.A. (2014). Chemically modified palm kernel oil ester: a possible sustainable alternative insulating fluid. Sustain. Mater. Technol. 1–2: 42–51.

40 40 Suwarno, F., Stitinjak, S.I., and Imsak, L. (2003). Study on characteristic of palm oil and it’s derivative as liquid insulating materials. In 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, June 1–5, Nagoya, pp. 495–498.

41 41 Abdullah, U.U., Bashi, S.M., Yunus, R., and Mohibullah, N.A. (2004). The potentials of palm oil as a dielectric fluid. In IEEE National Power & Energy Conference.

42 42 Aditama, S. (2005). Dielectric properties of palm oils as liquid insulating materials: effects of fat content. IEEE Electr. Insul. Mater. 1: 91–94.

43 43 Azis, N., Jasni, J., Kadir, M.Z.A.A., and Mohtar, M.N. (2014). Suitability of palm based oil as dielectric insulating fluid in Transformers. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 9 (2): 662–669.

44 44 Ghani, S.A., Muhamad, N.A., Chairul, I.S., and Jamri, N. (2016). A study of moisture effects on the breakdown voltage and spectral characteristics of mineral and palm oil‐based insulation oils. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 11 (8): 5012–5020.

45 45 Xiaohu Li, Jian Li, Caixin Sun (2006). Properties of transgenic rapeseed oil based dielectric liquid. In 2006 IEEE Southeast Conference, Memphis, USA.

46 46 Sun, C., Li, J., Li, X., and Grzybowski, S. (2006). Electric properties of vegetable oil‐based dielectric liquid and lifetime estimation of the oil paper insulation. In 2006 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 680–683.

47 47 Baruah, N., Maharana, M., and Nayak, S.K. (2019). Performance analysis of vegetable oil based nanofluids used in transformers. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 13 (7): 995–1002.

48 48 Standard Specification for Natural (vegetable oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, ASTM D 6871, 2017.

49 49 Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds, ASTM D 5555, 2017.

50 50 Nabi, M.N., Hoque, S.M.N., and Akhter, M.S. (2009). Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) biodiesel production in Bangladesh, characterization of karanja biodiesel and its effect on diesel emissions. Fuel Process. Technol. 90: 1080–1086.

51 51 Musa, I.A. (2016). The effects of alcohol to oil molar ratios and the type of alcohol on biodiesel production using transesterification process. Egypt. J. Pet. 25: 21–31.

52 52 Muhamad, N.A., Phung, B.T., and Blackburn, T.R. (2011). Dissolved gas analysis for common transformer faults in soy seed‐based oil. IET Electr. Power Appl. 5 (1): 133–142.

53 53 Toudja, T., Moulai, H., Nacer, A. et al. (2014). Moisture and electrical discharges effect on naphthenic mineral oil properties. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 8 (6): 588–594.

54 54 Bertrand, Y. and Hoang, L.C. (2004). Vegetable oils as substitute for mineral insulating oils in medium‐voltage equipments. CIGRE Session: 1–6.

55 55 Cygan, S. and Laghari, J.R. (1987). Dependence of the electric strength on thickness, area and the volume of polypropylene. IEEE Trans. Electr. Insul. 22 (6): 835–837.

56 56 Lelekakis, N., Martin, D., and Wijaya, J. (2012). Ageing rate of paper insulation used in power transformers part 2: oil/paper system with medium and high oxygen concentration. IEEE Trans. Dielec. Electr. Insul. 19: 2009–2018.

57 57 IEEE guide for acceptance and maintenance of insulating oil in equipment, C57.106‐(2002) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, 2002.

58 58 Lewand, L. (2001). Laboratory evaluation of several synthetic and agricultural‐based dielectric liquids. In Proceedings of the 86th Annual International Conference of Doble Clients, Doble Engineering Company, Watertown, MA, USA.

59 59 Lewand, L.R. (2002). Report on the role of corrosive sulfur in transformers and transformer oil. Doble Company.

60 60 Rapp, K., Lemm, A., Orozco, L., and C. McShane (2008). Corrosive sulfur phenomena mitigation by using natural ester dielectric fluids‐field Experience in Latin America. In Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America, pp. 1–6.

61 61 Ashraful, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A. et al. (2014). Study of the effect of storage time on the oxidation and thermal stability of various biodiesels and their blends. Energy Fuel 28 (2): 1081–1089.

62 62 Obadiah, A., Kannan, R., Ramasubbu, A., and Kumar, S.V. (2012). Studies on the effect of antioxidants on the long‐term storage and oxidation stability of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre biodiesel. Fuel Process. Technol. 99: 56–63.

63 63 Martin, D., Wang, Z.D., Darwin, A.W., and James, I. (2006). A comparative study of the chemical stability of esters for use in large power transformers. In Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp. 493–496.

64 64 Li, N., Mao, G., and Shi, X. (2017). Advances in the research of polymeric pour point depressant for waxy crude oil. J. Disp. Sci. Tech. 38: 1–7.