Kathleen Lynch: Care and Capitalism

1 Cover

2 Title Page Care and Capitalism Why Affective Equality Matters for Social Justice Kathleen Lynch polity

3 Copyright Page Copyright Page Copyright © Kathleen Lynch 2022 The right of Kathleen Lynch to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2022 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4383-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-4384-7 (pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021939042 by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

4 Dedication Dedication Care and Capitalism is dedicated to all those who work and struggle to promote a more loving, caring and socially just world, and to the memory of my mother, Molly Neylon-Lynch, who loved and cared for so many throughout her long life of 104 years.

5 Acknowledgements

6 Introduction Neoliberal Capitalism Creating a Care-Centric Narrative Building on the Work of Mothers and Others The Text Notes

7 1 Care and Capitalism: Matters of Social Justice and Resistance Neglect of Affective Relations Ontological impediments to recognizing affective relations Affective Equality Neoliberal Capitalism, Inequality and Care The anti-care culture of neoliberal politicsDomination and carelessness: pre-capitalist antecedentsIdeological matters Conclusion: Contradictions, Residuals and Resistances Affective relations of love, care and solidarity: unincorporated residuals Notes

8 Part I Care Matters Inside and Outside Capitalism

9 2 Care as Abject: Capitalism, Masculinity, Bureaucracy, Class and Race Patriarchy and Capitalism Interface Racialized carePatriarchy: historical considerations The role of ideas in legitimating subordination Hegemonic masculinity Men Leading Capitalism The material dividend of patriarchyThe gender order of caring in families Bureaucracy, Hierarchy and the State Women in Bureaucratic Organizations Being a Man Care as Abject Denigration of care and domestic labourAbjection and capitalism Conclusion Notes

10 3 Making Love: Love Labour as Distinctive and Non-Commodifiable Introduction Love as Other in the Academy Making Love Commercial Love in the Context of Care Love Labouring as Distinctive The professional love dimension of secondary care relations Why Love Matters and Is Not Commodifiable Conclusion Notes

11 4 Time to Care On Time Hands-On Care as Process and Practice: A View from Primary Care Studies Care, time and valuesThe time it takes Bureaucracy, Time and Care Capitalism and Time Capitalism and Speed Neoliberal Capitalism and Care Time Speeding Up Care Technology and Care Time Assistive Technologies of Care Mining Care Data for Profit: Affective Computing Migration and the Geographies of Time for Care Conclusion Notes

12 Part II Challenges

13 5 Liberalism, Care and Neoliberalism Methodological Individualism The Limits of Liberalism Reformism Groups and Group Identities Liberalism Accepting Structural Inequalities Intersectionality of Inequalities: Why They Matter for Care Processes of acquiring social goods as sites of injustice The Public, the Private and the Politics of Care Conclusion Notes

14 6 Individualism and Capitalism: From Personalized Salvation to Human Capitals Individualism in Historical Context Individualism in Europe Individualism within the European Christian Tradition The Individual as Human Capital Capital’s mobile individual The Political Imaginary of Homo Economicus in Education Care-Free and Technologically Assisted The Independent Citizen The Care Contradictions of Capitalism Conclusion Notes

15 7 Care-Harming Ideologies of Capitalism: Competition, Measurement and Meritocratic Myths Ideology Comparing and Ordering Competition Judgement and harmCompetition: the moral and psychic impactNumbering enabling competition Metrics Undermining Care, an Immeasurable Equality of Opportunity and Meritocracy Creating a culture of arrogance and blame Conclusion Notes

16 Part III Violence – the Nemesis of Care

17 8 The Violation of Non-Human Animals Violation The Anthropocentrism of Language Care of Non-Human Animals and Social Justice Distributive Justice, Missing Animals Ethicists, Welfarists and Animal Rights Moral Indifference to Violence against Non-Human Animals Guilt Capitalism and the Abuse of Animals Conclusion: Learning Not to Care for Non-Human Animals Notes

18 9 Violence and Capitalism Violence, Care and the Separation of Spheres Forms of Violence Violating the Impoverished Capitalism and Violence The Violence of Allowing People to Die The State and Violence Capitalism Building on Other Injustices: Race and Violence Capitalism and Gender-Based Violence Sex industry violence Conclusion Notes

19 Part IV Conclusions

20 10 Resisting Intellectually, Politically, Culturally and Educationally The Contradictions of Care and Capitalism Capitalism’s Internal Contradictions Resisting Capitalism Affective Relational Resistances and Refusals Education and Resistance to Capitalism Notes

21 Postscript: Care Lessons from the Covid-19 PandemicPrivileged Ignorance Touch, Presence and the Limits of Technology Death in Care Homes: Questions on the Corporatization of Care The Pandemic: A Care- and Rights-Based Perspective on Justice Notes

22 References

23 Index

24 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 3 Table 1Affective relations of love, care and solidarity

2 Chapter 5 Table 2Forms of in/equality and the intersectionality of affective and other inequaliti...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1Affective relations: love, care and solidarity

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