Jennifer Koziol - Sperm Morphology of Domestic Animals

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 Dedication Page

5 Preface

6 About the Companion Website

7 Introduction I.1 Spermatogenesis I.2 Length of Spermatogenesis in Domestic Species I.3 Maturation of Spermatozoa in the Epididymis I.4 Staining Techniques and Evaluation of Morphology I.5 Vital Staining I.6 Preparation of Semen Smears or Coverslip Slides I.7 Differential Counting of Sperm Morphology

8 Section I: Head Abnormalities 1 Pyriform and Tapered Heads 2 Nuclear Vacuolation, Including the Diadem Defect 3 Macrocephalic and Microcephalic Sperm 4 Rolled Head–Nuclear Crest–Giant Head Syndrome 5 Abnormal DNA Condensation 6 Acrosome Abnormalities 7 Normal Detached Heads and Free Abnormal Heads 8 Decapitated Sperm Defect

9 Section II: Midpiece Abnormalities 9 Proximal Cytoplasmic Droplet 10 Pseudodroplet 11 Mitochondrial Sheath Defects 12 Corkscrew Sperm Defect 13 Dag Defect 14 Distal Midpiece Reflex 15 Bowed Midpieces 16 Distal Droplets 17 Abaxial Midpieces

10 Section III: Tail (Principal Piece) Abnormalities 18 Tail Stump Defect 19 Coiled Principal Pieces 20 Double Forms and Accessory Tails 21 Bent Principal Pieces 22 Short Tail Defect

11 Section IV: Aberrations of Stains and Other Cells in the Ejaculate 23 Aberrations Due to Staining 24 Aberrations Due to Cold Shock 25 Round Cells in the Ejaculate 26 Teratoids 27 Medussa “Cells” 28 Aberrations of Semen Quality28.1 Oligospermia/Azoospermia 28.2 Hemospermia 28.3 Urospermia 28.4 Antisperm Antibodies

12 References

13 Index

14 End User License Agreement

1 IntroductionTable I.1 Mean time of sperm epididymal passage in domestic

1 Introduction Figure I.1 Morphologically normal sperm from a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).... Figure I.2 Morphologically normal sperm from a bull (phase contrast wet moun... Figure I.3 Morphologically normal sperm from a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).... Figure I.4 Morphologically normal sperm from a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 100...Figure I.5 Partially stained sperm with a pink posterior and a white anterio...Figure I.6 Poorly prepared slide with too many sperm per field, which impede...Figure I.7 A small line of stain is placed along the slide followed by a sma...Figure I.8 Using a second slide, one can start in the stain backing up to pi...Figure I.9 Slides should neither be too dark or too light, and when viewed u...

2 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Pyriform head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 1.2 Pyriform head in a bull as indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, 10...Figure 1.3 Pyriform head in a bull as indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, 10...Figure 1.4 Detached pyriform head in a bull indicated by arrow (eosin–nigros...Figure 1.5 Pyriform head in bull as indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, 1000...Figure 1.6 Pyriform head in a bull as indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, 10...Figure 1.7 Pyriform head in bull as indicated by arrow also note the proxima...Figure 1.8 Pyriform head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 1.9 Pyriform head in a ram (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 1.10 Pyriform head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 1.11 Pyriform head defect in a bull as indicated by arrow compared to...Figure 1.12 Pyriform‐shaped head in a bull with proximal droplet (phase cont...

3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Nuclear vacuoles as indicated with arrow also note the proximal d...Figure 2.2 Small vacuoles in head of sperm as indicated with arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 2.3 Vacuole in the head of sperm from a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....Figure 2.4 Nuclear vacuoles in a bull also note the proximal droplet (eosin–...Figure 2.5 Large nuclear vacuole in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 2.6 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in the head of a sperm from a bul...Figure 2.7 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in the head of a sperm from a bul...Figure 2.8 Large confluent nuclear vacuole from a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000...Figure 2.9 Multiple small nuclear vacuoles in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)...Figure 2.10 Large confluent nuclear vacuoles in the head of sperm from a bul...Figure 2.11 Diadem defects in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.12 Diadem defect in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.13 Diadem defect in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×).Figure 2.14 Large vacuole in the head (arrow). Also note the pseudodroplet (...Figure 2.15 Multiple vacuole in the head of the sperm. Also note the mitocho...Figure 2.16 Multiple diadem defects indicated by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull...

4 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Macrocephalic sperm head in a bull indicated by arrow next to a n...Figure 3.2 Macrocephalic head with proximal droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosi...Figure 3.3 Microcephalic heads in a bull as indicated by arrows (phase contr...Figure 3.4 Microcephalic head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).

5 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Rolled head (arrow): Rolled heads are often noted with the roll a...Figure 4.2 Rolled head in a bull indicated by arrow also note the teratoid i...

6 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Abnormal chromatin condensation in a bull as shown by arrows (Feu...

7 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Acrosome abnormalities. Variation in appearance of knobbed acroso...Figure 6.2 Indented acrosome defect with arrowing pointing toward indentatio...Figure 6.3 Knobbed acrosome defect as noted by arrow, arrowhead points towar...Figure 6.4 Knobbed acrosome as noted by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull, 1000×)....Figure 6.5 Indented acrosome as noted by arrow (eosin–nigrosin, bull, 1000×)...Figure 6.6 Indented acrosome as noted by arrow, arrow heads indicates proxim...Figure 6.7 Knobbed acrosome defect in a ram as indicated by arrows (eosin–ni...Figure 6.8 Knobbed acrosome defect in a buck as indicated by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 6.9 Knobbed acrosome defect in a buck as indicated by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 6.10 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull in the indented form (eosin–ni...Figure 6.11 Knobbed acrosome defect in a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 6.12 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 6.13 Knobbed acrosome defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).

8 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Abnormal detached head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.2 Abnormal detached head in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.3 Detaching head in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 7.4 Detached abnormal head with corresponding tail in a bull (eosin–n...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a bull – spherical cytoplasmic d...Figure 9.2 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a ram as noted by arrow (eosin–ni...Figure 9.3 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a buck as noted by arrow (eosin–n...Figure 9.4 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–, 1000×).Figure 9.5 Sperm with proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a dog suffering from ...Figure 9.6 Proximal cytoplasmic droplets in a dog as indicated by arrows (eo...Figure 9.7 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a stallion (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×...Figure 9.8 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 9.9 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 9.10 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (phase contrast wet mount...Figure 9.11 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull as noted by arrow also py...Figure 9.12 Proximal cytoplasmic droplet in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Pseudodroplet is characterized by local thickening somewhere alo...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Abnormal midpiece that culminates in a terminally coiled tail (e...Figure 11.2 Abnormal midpiece in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 11.3 Broken midpiece in a bull with breaks indicated by arrows (eosin...Figure 11.4 Broken midpiece at the site of attachment in a bull (eosin–nigro...Figure 11.5 Abnormal midpieces in a bull (phase contrast wet mount, 1000×). ...Figure 11.6 Abnormal midpiece in a ram, note the roughened mitochondrial she...Figure 11.7 Abnormal midpiece with mitochondrial sheath defect in a ram (eos...Figure 11.8 Mitochondrial sheath defects as indicated by arrows in a ram (eo...Figure 11.9 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×).Figure 11.10 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a bull (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....Figure 11.11 Mitochondrial sheath defect in a buck (eosin–nigrosin, 1000×)....