Houshang Karimi - Step-by-Step Design of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Design methodology of DC equipment of a PV plant.Figure 7.2 Single‐line diagram of DC side of a PV plant.Figure 7.3 The criteria and steps for selecting the PV modules.Figure 7.4 The criteria and steps for selecting the solar inverter.Figure 7.5 Various inverter topologies.Figure 7.6 A schematic drawing of the VCI configuration.Figure 7.7 The I‐V curve and P‐V curve for a PV module for a given irradiati...Figure 7.8 The effect of irradiation intensity and temperature on the I‐V cu...Figure 7.9 The I‐V curve of PV modules connected in series to create a strin...Figure 7.10 The inverter voltage range with the string I‐V curve at differen...Figure 7.11 Maximum number of PV modules in series algorithm [15]. ( P m, STCFigure 7.12 Two different scenarios for partitioning a PV plant.Figure 7.13 Technical specifications and methodology of DC cables selection....Figure 7.14 DC combiner box.Figure 7.15 The procedure of fuse selection.Figure 7.16 Minimum rated current for string fuses according to the IEC and ...Figure 7.17 Derating factor for different ambient temperatures.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 An overview of various sources of energy losses in a PV plant.Figure 8.2 Schematic diagram of reflections and transmissions that contribut...Figure 8.3 Angular transmittance for a particular example of a c‐Si module....Figure 8.4 Accumulation of sand particle on PV panels.Figure 8.5 The three types of pollutants used in the experiment.Figure 8.6 Efficiency differences between the clean and the polluted pair pa...Figure 8.7 Different categories of shading losses.Figure 8.8 Sample of a horizon line.Figure 8.9 Different PV power generators considered in the study. (a) Single...Figure 8.10 Static random and dynamic shading scenarios.Figure 8.11 I. P–V curves of the PV generators during different static rando...Figure 8.12 The numbers of the PV modules shaded by wire pole.Figure 8.13 I–V curves and P–V curves of the five shaded PV modules. (a) I–V...Figure 8.14 The I–V and P–V characteristics of the module before and after t...Figure 8.15 The I–V and P–V characteristics of the module before and after t...Figure 8.16 High temporal variability of solar irradiance caused by moving c...Figure 8.17 The electrical connections for the studied PV array configuratio...Figure 8.18 Relative mismatch losses of the east‐west‐oriented SP, TCT, and ...Figure 8.19 Various paths for the leakage current from cells to the grounded...Figure 8.20 Manufacturing mismatch losses at different working conditions....Figure 8.21 PV module performance during its life time.Figure 8.22 Efficiency curve of various solar inverters.Figure 8.23 Typical power duration curve of 100 kWp PV installation.Figure 8.24 General algorithm of hybrid methods.Figure 8.25 Increasing module load with different tilt angles for Ideematec'...Figure 8.26 Example of changing the wiring strings to reduce DC cable losses...Figure 8.27 Aux consumption of plant in broad view ranging from 1 to 20 MW [...Figure 8.28 Aux consumption of plant in broad view ranging from 1 to 20 MW....Figure 8.29 Classification of failures according to the involved technology....Figure 8.30 Distribution of the registered failures in each of the PV plants...Figure 8.31 Average number of failures per kW for the different defined grou...Figure 8.32 Reparation time per failure for different PV plant components....Figure 8.33 The procedure for predicting the energy yield of a PV plant [37]...Figure 8.34 Flowchart showing how to model GPI from measured GHI [37].Figure 8.35 Estimation of DNI using Erbs decomposition model on a cloudy day...Figure 8.36 Monthly mean bias error (% difference) between measured and mode...

1 Cover Page

2 Title Page Step‐by‐Step Design of Large‐Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants Davood Naghaviha Daneshmand Engineers Co. Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Hassan Nikkhajoei United Globe Engineering Inc Thornhill, ON, Canada Houshang Karimi Polytechnique Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada

3 Copyright Page

4 Dedication Page

5 Preface

6 Acknowledgment

7 Acronyms

8 Symbols

9 Table of Contents

10 Begin Reading

11 Index

12 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Davood Naghaviha

Daneshmand Engineers Co.

Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Hassan Nikkhajoei

United Globe Engineering Inc

Thornhill, ON, Canada

Houshang Karimi

Polytechnique Montreal

Montreal, QC, Canada

This edition first published 2022 © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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