Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Paramedics

8 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Drug therapies for management of patients with hypertension or h...

9 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Pre‐renal, intrarenal and postrenal disease characteristics.Table 11.2 Stages of acute kidney injury.Table 11.3 Categories of CKD.Table 11.4 Subclasses of diuretics and their clinical uses.Table 11.5 Pharmacology of loop diuretics.Table 11.6 Pharmacology of thiazide diuretics.Table 11.7 Pharmacology of two alpha‐1 receptor antagonists used for urinar...

10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Properties of insulin preparations.Table 12.2 Signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia.Table 12.3 Factors precipitating DKA.Table 12.4 Signs and symptoms of DKA.

11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Signs and symptoms of acute asthma exacerbations.Table 13.2 Clinical features differentiating COPD and asthma.Table 13.3 Indications for oxygen administration.Table 13.4 Oxygen delivery devices.

12 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Comparison of cardiac‐related chest pain and gastric‐related che...

13 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Drugs used for Parkinson disease.Table 15.2 Potential benefits and harms of dopamine agonists, levodopa and ...Table 15.3 Dementia drugs that paramedics may encounter in the prehospital ...Table 15.4 Interactions of cholinesterase inhibitors.Table 15.5 Side‐effects of cholinesterase inhibitors: minor, severe and rar...Table 15.6 Common AEDs seen in the prehospital setting.Table 15.7 Differentiating psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures (PNES) from b...Table 15.8 Adverse reactions associated with common antiepileptic drugs.Table 15.9 Risk factors associated with the development of strokes and TIAs...

14 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Key neurotransmitters.Table 16.2 The stepped care model.Table 16.3 Symptoms of withdrawal syndromeTable 16.4 Symptoms of serotonin syndrome.

15 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Classifications of vaccine biotechnology.Table 17.2 UK immunisation schedule (PHE 2019b).

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Drugs which act at receptors. (a) A cell has receptors for a spec... Figure 1.2 Enzymes operate by binding reacting substances (a) and accelerati... Figure 1.3 Benzodiazepines act by binding to a chloride channel. (a) The inh...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 JRCALC Guidelines – Update Analysis. Figure 2.2 Example of how specific drug (aspirin) information is presented w... Figure 2.3 Page for Age section. Figure 2.4 Medicines Best Practice Checklist. Figure 2.5 Dashboard.

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Acts and laws relevant to medical practice.

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Stages of pharmacokinetics and medication administration routes....Figure 5.2 Injectable routes of administration. Figure 5.3 The placental barrier and drug administration.Figure 5.4 First‐pass metabolism.Figure 5.5 Drug excretion process.Figure 5.6 Therapeutic range. Figure 5.7 Therapeutic level. Figure 5.8 Agonists and antagonists.Figure 5.9 Drug potency and efficacy. Both Drug A and Drug B achieve the sam...

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 The main routes of drug administration and elimination. Source: R...Figure 6.2 Subcutaneous injection sites and the average thickness of the sub...Figure 6.3 Sites identified for IM injection.Figure 6.4 Needle insertion angles for IM, SC, IV and ID injections.Figure 6.5 Speed of absorption depending on the formulation of oral medicati...

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Anaphylaxis lips. Figure 7.2 Anaphylaxis tongue. Figure 7.3 Urticarial drug rash.Figure 7.4 Serum sickness rash. Source: Brad Sobolewski, MD, MEd.Figure 7.5 The Yellow Card. Crown copyright.

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 The pain matrix.Figure 8.2 The pain pathway.Figure 8.3 Categorisation of pain.Figure 8.4 Common sites of referred pain.Figure 8.5 Example of multimodal analgesia provision.Figure 8.6 Role of the COX and LOX enzymes.Figure 8.7 Common opioid side‐effectsFigure 8.8 Morphine metabolism.Figure 8.9 Codeine metabolism.Figure 8.10 Diamorphine metabolism.Figure 8.11 Fentanyl metabolism.Figure 8.12 Lidocaine patch being applied.

8 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Overview of pathways that lead to worsening myocardial function ...Figure 10.2 Classes of drug that target the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone‐sy...

9 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 The major physiological functions of the kidneys (black boxes) a...Figure 11.2 Blood tests that indicate chronic kidney disease.Figure 11.3 Adverse effects of drugs on the kidney.Figure 11.4 The site of action of various diuretics in the nephron.Figure 11.5 Sites of drug action in the urinary tract.

10 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Interplay between insulin and glucagon in control of blood gluco...Figure 12.2 Major actions of insulin and glucagon in the body.

11 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 The respiratory system.Figure 13.2 The autonomic nervous system. Source: Neal (2015).Figure 13.3 Normal airway vs asthmatic airway.Figure 13.4 Inflammatory changes in the airway.Figure 13.5 Peak flow meter. Source: Paramothayan (2019).Figure 13.6 Inflammation and mucus production associated with bronchitis....

12 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 The gastrointestinal tract.Figure 14.2 Common sites for peptic ulcer.

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Parkinson disease and the substantia nigra.Figure 15.2 Emergency buccal midazolam presentation.

14 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 The synapse. Figure 16.2 MAD nasal device procedure.

15 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 The host–pathogen–environment framework. Figure 17.2 Example of a patient‐specific direction in general practice.Figure 17.3 Example of a patient group direction. Source: Based on Public He...Figure 17.4 Location of the deltoid muscle. Figure 17.5 Location of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles of t...

1 Cover Page

2 Dedication Page To all those health professionals who have put themselves in harm’s way to care for patients in the front lines of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 Contributors

6 Preface

7 Acknowledgements

8 Prefixes, suffixes and abbreviations

9 Table of Contents

10 Begin Reading

11 Normal Values

12 Answers

13 Index

14 Wiley End User License Agreement

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