The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

641 638

642 639

643 640

644 641

645 642

646 643

647 644

648 645

649 646

650 647

651 648

652 649

653 650

654 651

655 652

656 653

657 654

658 655

659 656

660 657

661 658

662 659

663 660

664 661

665 662

666 663

667 664

668 665

669 666

670 667

671 668

672 669

673 670

674 671

675 672

676 673

677 674

678 675

679 676

680 677

681 678

682 679

683 680

684 681

685 682

686 683

687 684

688 685

689 687

690 688

691 689

692 690

693 691

694 692

695 693

696 694

697 695

698 696

699 697

700 698

701 699

702 700

703 701

704 702

705 703

706 704

707 705

708 706

709 707

710 708

711 709

712 710

713 711

714 712

715 713

716 714

717 715

718 716

719 717

720 718

721 719

722 720

723 721

724 722

725 723

726 724

727 725

728 727

729 728

730 729

731 730

732 731

733 732

734 733

735 734

736 735

737 736

738 737

739 738

740 739

741 740

742 741

743 742

744 743

745 744

746 745

747 746

748 747

749 748

750 749

751 750

752 751

753 752

754 753

755 754

756 755

757 756

758 757

759 758

760 759

761 760

762 761

763 762

764 763

765 764

766 765

767 766

768 767

769 768

770 769

771 770

772 771

773 772

774 773

775 774

776 775

777 776

778 777

779 778

780 779

781 780

782 781

783 782

784 783

785 784

786 785

787 786

788 787

789 788

790 789

791 790

792 791

793 792

794 793

795 794

796 795

797 796

798 797

799 798

800 799

801 800

802 801

803 802

804 803

805 804

806 805

807 806

808 807

809 808

810 809

811 810

812 811

813 812

814 813

815 814

816 815

817 816

818 817

819 818

820 819

821 820

822 821

823 822

824 823

825 824

826 825

827 826

828 827

829 828

830 829

831 830

832 831

833 832

834 833

835 834

836 835

837 836

838 837

839 838

840 839

841 840

842 841

843 842

844 843

845 844

846 845

847 846

848 847

849 848

850 849

851 850

852 851

853 852

854 853

855 854

856 855

857 856

858 857

859 858

860 859

861 860

862 861

863 862

864 863

865 864

866 865

867 866

868 867

869 868

870 869

871 870

872 871

873 872

874 873

875 874

876 875

877 876

878 877

879 878

880 879

881 880

882 881

Wiley‐Blackwell Handbooks of Developmental Psychology

This outstanding series of handbooks provides a cutting‐edge overview of classic research, current research, and future trends in developmental psychology.

Each handbook draws together 25–50 newly commissioned chapters to provide a comprehensive overview of a sub‐discipline of developmental psychology.

The international team of contributors to each handbook has been specially chosen for its expertise and knowledge of each field.

Each handbook is introduced and contextualized by leading figures in the field, lending coherence and authority to each volume.

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbooks of Developmental Psychology will provide an invaluable overview for advanced students of developmental psychology and for researchers as an authoritative definition of their chosen field.

Published

Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence Edited by Gerald R. Adams and Michael D. Berzonsky

The Science of Reading: A Handbook Edited by Margaret J. Snowling and Charles Hulme

Blackwell Handbook of Early Childhood Development Edited by Kathleen McCartney and Deborah A. Phillips

Blackwell Handbook of Language Development Edited by Erika Hoff and Marilyn Shatz

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development, 2nd edition Edited by Usha Goswami

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Adulthood and Aging Edited by Susan Krauss Whitbourne and Martin Sliwinski

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Infant Development, 2nd Edition Edited by Gavin Bremner and Theodore D. Wachs

The Handbook of Early Childhood Development Programs, Practices, and Policies Edited by Elizabeth Votruba‐Drzal and Eric Dearing

The Wiley Handbook of Developmental Psychology in Practice: Implementation and Impact Edited by Kevin Durkin and H. Rudolph Schaffer

The Wiley Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents Edited by Adam Rutland, Drew Nesdale and Christia Spears Brown

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, 3rd Edition Edited by Peter K. Smith and Craig H. Hart

Third Edition

Edited by

Peter K. Smith

Craig H. Hart

This edition first published 2022

© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition History John Wiley & Sons Ltd (1e, 2002); John Wiley & Sons Ltd (2e, 2013)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Peter K. Smith and Craig H. Hart to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Office The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.