John Webster - Animal Welfare

1 Cover

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 Dedication Page

6 About the Author

7 Preface

8 Acknowledgements and Apologies

9 Part 1: The Sentient Mind 1 Setting the Scene Human Attitudes to Animals Animal Behaviour Science Rules of Engagement 2 Sentience and the Sentient Mind Sentience, Consciousness and the Mind The Five Skandhas of Sentience Understanding the Sentient Mind Pain and Suffering Fear and Dread Coping with Challenge: Stress and Boredom Social Life Comfort and Joy Hope and Despair Sex and Love Summary 3 Special Senses and Their Interpretation Vision Hearing Smell and Taste Cutaneous Sensation, Touch Magnetoreception Interpreting the Special Senses Theory of Mind, or Metarepresentation Summary 4 Survival Strategies Foraging Hunting Behaviour: The Predator and the Prey Spatial Awareness and Navigation Breeding Behaviour and Parental Care 5 Social Strategies Sentient Social Life Social Hierarchies: The Pecking Order Communication Cooperation and Empathy Social Learning, Education and Culture Territorial Behaviour and Tribalism

10 Part 2: Shaping Sentient Minds 6 Animals of the Waters Pain and Fear Survival Skills: Hunting, Hiding and Problem Solving Migration Communication and Social Behaviour 7 Animals of the Air Feeding Strategies Migration Sentience and Breeding Behaviour Social Behaviour, Culture and Education Bats 8 Animals of the Savannah and Plains Environmental Challenges Animals of the Open Plains Sheep Goats Cattle Wild Bovidae Feral Horses Elephants Predators 9 Animals of the Forest The Boreal Forest Cervidae Beavers Bears The Tropical Rain Forests Snakes Primates 10 Close Neighbours History of Domestication Artificial Selection and Unnatural Breeding Domestication, Sentience and Wellbeing Pigs Dogs Cats Dairy Cows Horses and Donkeys Chickens Opportunist Neighbours: Rats and Urban Foxes Coda

11 Part 3: Why it matters 11 Our Duty of Care Sentience Revisited Outcome‐based Ethics Death and Killing Farms, Farmed Animals and Food Animals in Laboratories Wild Animals in Captivity Animals in Sport and Entertainment Pets What can We Learn from the Animals?

12 Further Reading

13 General Reading

14 Index

15 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Threats to the physical and emotional wellbeing of breeding sows ...

2 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Emotional and cognitive expressions of sentience with welfare imp...Table 11.2 Food and farming: the ethical matrix.Table 11.3 Application of the ethical matrix to procedures with laboratory a...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Cordelia at play. (from Webster, 1994)

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 The five skandhas or circles of sentience. The solid arrows indic... Figure 2.2 The sentient mind. Figure 2.3 Fear, threats reactions and consequences. Figure 2.4 Coping with challenge.

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Goats at salt licks in the Rocky Mountains. Raymond Gehman/Corbis...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The honeybee’s waggle danceFigure 4.2 Archerfish strike. FLPA/Alamy Stock Photo.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 A murmuration of starlings. Steve Littlewood/Photodisc/Getty Imag...

6 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 A beaver dam and lodge. Note the separate ‘drying‐off’ and sleepi...

7 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The author relaxing among friends

8 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs

1 Cover Page

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 Dedication Page

6 About the Author

7 Preface

8 Acknowledgements and Apologies

9 Table of Contents

10 Begin Reading

11 Further Reading

12 General Reading

13 Index

14 Wiley End User License Agreement

1 ii

2 iii

3 iv

4 v

5 xi

6 xiii

7 xiv

8 xv

9 xvi

10 1

11 3

12 4

13 5

14 6

15 7

16 8

17 9

18 10

19 11

20 12

21 13

22 14

23 15

24 16

25 17

26 18

27 19

28 20

29 21

30 22

31 23

32 24

33 25

34 26

35 27

36 28

37 29

38 30

39 31

40 32

41 33

42 34

43 35

44 36

45 37

46 38

47 39

48 40

49 41

50 42

51 43

52 44

53 45

54 46

55 47

56 48

57 49

58 50

59 51

60 52

61 53

62 54

63 55

64 56

65 57

66 58

67 59

68 60

69 61

70 62

71 63

72 65

73 67

74 68

75 69

76 70

77 71

78 72

79 73

80 74

81 75

82 76

83 77

84 78

85 79

86 80

87 81

88 82

89 83

90 84

91 85

92 86

93 87

94 88

95 89

96 90

97 91

98 92

99 93

100 94

101 95

102 96

103 97

104 98

105 99

106 100

107 101

108 102

109 103

110 104

111 105

112 106

113 107

114 108

115 109

116 110

117 111

118 112

119 113

120 114

121 115

122 116

123 117

124 118

125 119

126 120

127 121

128 122

129 123

130 124

131 125

132 127

133 128

134 129

135 130

136 131

137 132

138 133

139 134

140 135

141 136

142 137

143 138

144 139

145 140

146 141

147 142

148 143

149 144

150 145

151 146

152 147

153 148

154 149

155 150

156 151

157 152

158 153

159 154

160 155

UFAW, founded in 1926, is an internationally recognised, independent, scientific and educational animal welfare charity that promotes high standards of welfare for farm, companion, laboratory and captive wild animals, and for those animals with which we interact in the wild. It works to improve animals’ lives by:

Funding and publishing developments in the science and technology that underpin advances in animal welfare;

Promoting education in animal care and welfare;

Providing information, organising meetings and publishing books, videos, articles, technical reports and the journal Animal Welfare;

Providing expert advice to government departments and other bodies and helping to draft and amend laws and guidelines;

Enlisting the energies of animal keepers, scientists, veterinarians, lawyers and others who care about animals.

Improvements in the care of animals are not now likely to come of their own accord, merely by wishing them: there must be research…and it is in sponsoring research of this kind, and making its results widely known, that UFAW performs one of its most valuable services.

Sir Peter Medawar CBE FRS, 8 May 1957

Nobel Laureate (1960), Chairman of the UFAW Scientific Advisory Committee (1951–1962)

UFAW relies on the generosity of the public through legacies and donations to carry out its work, improving the welfare of animals now and in the future. For further information about UFAW and how you can help promote and support its work, please contact us at the following address:

Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Herts AL4 8AN, UK

Tel: 01582 831818 Website: www.ufaw.org.uk

Email: ufaw@ufaw.org.uk

UFAW’s aim regarding the UFAW/Wiley‐Blackwell Animal Welfare book series is to promote interest and debate in the subject and to disseminate information relevant to improving the welfare of kept animals and of those harmed in the wild through human agency. The books in this series are the works of their authors, and the views they express do not necessarily reflect the views of UFAW.