Chang Kyung-Sup - The Logic of Compressed Modernity

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Most theories of modernity are based, explicitly or implicitly, on the development of Western societies since the late medieval period, but these theories are of limited value for understanding the development of societies in Asia and other parts of the world, where the process of modernization took place under different circumstances and often in a rapid and highly compressed fashion – not over centuries but in decades. Asian societies have been propelled into modernity too, but theirs is a compressed modernity, which displays very different traits.
In this important book, Chang Kyung-Sup provides a systematic account of this compressed modernity and uses it to analyse the extreme social changes, complexities and imbalances found in South Korea and other East Asian societies. While these changes enabled South Korea to modernize very quickly and achieve high levels of economic growth, they also created a society that is haunted by various developmental and civilizational costs, such as endemic generational conflicts, overloaded family responsibilities and exceptionally high suicide rates. As with other societies that have experienced compressed modernity, the South Korean “miracle” is replete with extreme and contradictory social traits.
This pioneering work of the nature and consequences of compressed modernity will be of great interest to students and scholars of sociology, politics and development studies, as well as anyone interested in South Korea, Asia and postcolonial societies.

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CONTENTS

1 Cover

2 Title Page The Logic of Compressed Modernity Chang Kyung-Sup polity

3 Copyright Copyright © Chang Kyung-Sup 2022 The right of Chang Kyung-Sup to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2022 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 101 Station Landing Suite 300 Medford, MA 02155, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-5290-0 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Control Number: 2021946662 The publisher has used its best endeavors to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

4 Preface

5 Part I Compressed Modernity in Perspective 1 Introduction: Purpose, Debates, and Subjects1.1 Purpose 1.2 Compressed Modernity in Critical Modernity Debates 1.3 Subjects Notes 2 Compressed Modernity: Constitutive Dimensions and Manifesting Units2.1 Introduction 2.2 Constitutive Dimensions 2.3 Manifesting Units 2.4 Discussion: From Theory of Modernization to Theory of Modernitization Notes 3 Compressed Modernity in the Universalist Perspective3.1 Introduction 3.2 Variations of Compressed Modernity as Internalized Reflexive Cosmopolitization 3.3 Advanced Capitalist Societies 3.4 Un(der)developed Societies 3.5 (Post-Socialist) Transition Societies 3.6 Discussion: East Asia and Compressed Modernity Notes

6 Part II Structural Properties of Compressed Modernity 4 Internal Multiple Modernities: South Korea as Multiplex Theater Society4.1 Introduction 4.2 Colonial Dialectical Modernity 4.3 Postcolonial Reflexive Institutional(ist) Modernization 4.4 Postcolonial Neotraditionalist Modernity 4.5 The Cold War and Free World Modernity 4.6 State-Capitalist Modernity and National Developmentalism 4.7 Neoliberal Economic Globalism and Cosmopolitan Modernity 4.8 Subaltern Liberal Modernity in the Making: Civil Society as (Associative) Subaltern Community 4.9 The Clash of (Internal Multiple) Modernities? 4.10 In Perspective: South Korea as Multiplex Theater Society Notes 5 Transformative Contributory Rights: Citizen(ship) in Compressed Modernity5.1 Introduction 5.2 Institutional and Techno-Scientific Modernization and Educational Citizenship 5.3 Economic Transformation and Developmental Citizenship 5.4 Democratization and Transformative Political Citizenship 5.5 Globalization and Neoliberal versus Cosmopolitan Citizenship 5.6 National Reconfiguration and Compatriotic Citizenship 5.7 Prospect: Transformation into Post-Transformative Society? Notes 6 Complex-Culturalism vs. Multiculturalism6.1 Introduction 6.2 Complex Culturalism: The Cultural Platform of Compressed Modernity 6.3 Ad Hoc Multiculturalism under Reproductive Globalization 6.4 Borrowed Docility: Re(/neo)traditionalization through Foreign Bodies, Particularistic Multiculturalism, and Complex Culturalism 6.5 Discussion: Cloakroom Cosmopolitization Notes 7 Productive Maximization, Reproductive Meltdown7.1 Introduction 7.2 Varieties of Productionist Systems and Reproductive Crises 7.3 Dissolution of the Farm Family Reproduction Cycle 7.4 Industrial Working Life History and Social Reproduction 7.5 Urban Poor Families: Women under Old and New Social Risks 7.6 Debt-Sustained Livelihood: Financialization of Social Reproduction 7.7 Conclusion and Prospect: After Condensed Social Divestures Notes 8 Social Institutional Deficits and Infrastructural Familialism8.1 Introduction: Infrastructural Familialism, from Above and from Below 8.2 Family and Modernity: Academic Debates and Historical Realities 8.3 Late Capitalist Industrialization and Its Familial Parameters 8.4 Familial Self-Welfare instead of the Welfare State 8.5 Educationalized Modernization and Family-Sustained Public Education 8.6 Conclusion and Prospect: Family as Overloaded Social Infrastructure Notes 9 The Demographic Configuration of Compressed Modernity9.1 Demographic Parameters of Compressed Capitalist Development 9.2 Compressed Demographic Transitions 9.3 Ethnodemographic Reconfiguration of the Korean Nation? 9.4 Conclusion Notes

7 Part III After Compressed Modernity 10 The Post-Compressed Modern Condition10.1 South Korea in the Post-Compressed Modern Era 10.2 The Double-Fold Structural Crises 10.3 Beyond South Korea Notes

8 References

9 Index

10 End User License Agreement

Guide

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 References

8 Index

9 End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

1 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1The five constitutive dimensions of compressed modernity

2 Chapter 9 Figure 9.1The trend of total fertility rate (TFR) in South Korea

List of Tables

1 Chapter 4 Table 4.1Major origin countries of South Koreans’ doctoral degrees by disciplinary groups…

2 Chapter 5 Table 5.1OECD countries with higher proportions of population aged 25 to 34 with tertiary…

3 Chapter 6 Table 6.1Accumulated marriage migrants and other naturalizers by country origin and manne…

List of Photos

1 Chapter 4 Photo 4.1Housewives in the public oath ceremony for abiding by the Standard Rules on Fami… Photo 4.2The opening of Confucianland (Yugyoland) in Andong City Photo 4.3The leaders of South and North Korea and the United States at the inter-Korean … Photo 4.4President Park Geun-Hye at the National Trade Day ceremony in 2015 Photo 4.5President Moon Jae-In addressing at the inauguration of the Presidential Committ… Photo 4.6Group wedding of “multicultural couples” in Goesan County, South Korea Photo 4.7“The Candlelight Revolution” ( chotbulhyeokmyeong ) in Winter 2016

2 Chapter 6 Photo 6.1The “KCON 2016 France”, June 2, 2016

List of Box

1 Chapter 5 5.1The Chart of National Education ( gukmingyoyukheonjang ), December 5, 1968

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