Core Microbiome

Khaloud Mohammed AlarjaniBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khalid S. AlmaaryBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khalid F. AlmutaririPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Shahnaz AnjumDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi, Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Himanshu R. BarotSardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Banaskantha, Gujarat, India

Shabir Ahmad BhatCenter of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Songul Çanakcι-GulengulDepartment of Biology, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey

Kamal ChoudhuryDepartment of Botany, SBMS College, Sualkuchi, Assam, India

Shabeer Ahmad DarCenter of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Pranjal Pratim DasDepartment of Biotechnology, Darrang College, Tezpur, Assam, India

Turki M. DawoudBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Rupak DeyDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Mundra Road, Bhuj, Gujarat, India

Bisma FarooqDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi, Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Madiha FarooqDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi, Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Bahman Fazeli-NasabResearch Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Aparna GunjalDepartment of Microbiology, Dr D.Y. Patil, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra

Abeer HashemBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt

Afrozah HassanDepartment of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Nida IdreesToxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government Raza P.G. College, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Azra N. KamiliCenter of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Fadime KarabulutDepartment of Biology, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey

Tulasi KorraDepartment of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Aswini KrishnanDivision of Microbiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India

Ashwani KumarMetagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Kailash Chand KumawatDepartment of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Nafiseh MahdinezhadDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Manoj Kumar.VDepartment of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Dipal B. MiniparaAnand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

Mohammad Yaseen MirCenter of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Anima NandaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi, Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Irshad Ahmad NawchooDepartment of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Bijaya Kumar NayakKanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Post Graduate Studies and Reserach, Department of Botany, Puducherry, India

Asma NazirDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi, Salai, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India

Khushboo PachhigarVeer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India

Javid A. ParrayDepartment of Higher Education, Government Degree College, Eidgah, Srinagar, India

Gulzar Ahmed RatherDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology deemed to be University, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Robeena SarahToxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government Raza P.G. College, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Rupak Kumar SarmaDepartment of Botany, Sadiya College, Chapakhowa, Sadiya, Assam, India

Ranjith SellappanDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Nosheen ShameemDepartment of Environmental Science, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Barkha SharmaDepartment of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

Sandeep SharmaDepartment of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Seema B. SharmaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Mundra Road, Bhuj, Gujarat, India

Sushil K. SharmaICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

Niraj SinghDepartment of Microbiology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, India

Baby TabassumToxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government Raza P.G. College, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Kalaiselvi ThangavelDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

Uday Kumar TheraDepartment of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Thirunarayanan PDepartment of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Shalini TiwariDepartment of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

An overabundance of microbial cells is present in every gram of soil, and microbes are found extensively in plant and animal tissues. The mechanisms governed by microorganisms in the regulation of physiological processes of their hosts have been extensively studied in light of recent findings on microbiomes. In plants, the components of these microbiomes may form distinct communities, such as those inhabiting the plant rhizosphere, the endosphere, and the phyllosphere. In each of these niches, the “microbial tissue” is established and responds to specific selective pressures. Although there is no clear picture of the overall role of the plant microbiome, there is substantial evidence that these communities are involved in disease control, enhance nutrient acquisition, and affect stress tolerance. This book first summarizes features of microbial communities that compose the plant microbiome and further presents a series of studies describing the underpinning factors that shape the phylogenetic and functional plant-associated communities. We advocate that understanding the mechanisms by which plants select and interact with their microbiomes may directly affect plant development and health and further lead to the establishment of novel microbes. Despite being one of the simplest metazoans, corals harbor some of the most highly diverse and abundant microbial communities. Differentiating core, symbiotic bacteria from this diverse host-associated consortium is essential for characterizing the functional contributions of bacteria but has not been possible yet. Here, we describe the coral core microbiome and demonstrate clear phylogenetic and functional divisions between the micro-scale, niche habitats within the coral host. In doing so, we discover seven distinct bacterial phylotypes that are universal to the core microbiome of coral species, separated by thousands of kilometers of oceans. The two most abundant phylotypes are co-localized specifically with the corals’ endosymbiotic algae and symbiontcontaining host cells. These bacterial symbioses likely facilitate the success of the dinoflagellate endosymbiosis with corals in diverse environmental regimes. This book primarily focuses on selecting positive and effective interactive core microbiome that are both phenotypically and genotypically very adaptive and sustainable, which further improve crop quality and productivity vis-à-vis sustainable agriculture. The bioengineering concept for rhizosphere improvement has also been discussed in one of the chapters. The book also highlights the structure, characterization, and biotechnological application of aquatic core microbiomes.