Cloud Computing Solutions

This edition first published 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-119-68165-6

Cover image: Pixabay.ComCover design by Russell Richardson

Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines

Printed in the USA

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedicated to our friends

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course of this book

1 1.1 Evolution of cloud computing.

2 1.2 Architecture of computer cluster.

3 1.3 Schematic diagram of distributed system.

4 1.4 Peer-to-peer communication scenario.

5 1.5 Scenario of global grid consisting of cluster and enterprise grid.

6 1.6 Schematic diagram of layered grid architecture.

7 1.7 Mobile computing.

8 2.1 Characteristics of cloud.

9 2.2 Cloud service model.

10 2.3 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS).

11 2.4 Platform as a service (PaaS).

12 2.5 Software as a service (SaaS).

13 3.1 Life cycle of SOA.

14 3.2 Architecture of cloud computing environment.

15 4.1 Virtual machine scenario.

16 4.2 System virtual machine.

17 4.3 Process virtual machine.

18 4.4 Virtualization model for cloud computing.

19 4.5 Operation performed to implement full virtualization at the kernel level.

20 4.6 Operation performed to implement paravirtualization virtualization at the kernel level.

21 4.7 Operation performed to implement hardware-assisted virtualization at the kernel level.

22 5.1 Schematic diagram of classification of virtualization environment.

23 5.2 Schematic diagram of migration process.

24 5.3 A scenario of operating system-based virtualization.

25 5.4 A scenario of application-based virtualization.

26 5.5 A scenario of hypervisor-based virtualization.

27 6.1 Live migration architectural workflow.

28 6.2 Schematic diagram of security issues during live migration.

29 7.1 Cloud computing magnet.

30 8.1 An overview of a MongoDB cluster.

31 8.2 CAP theorem.

32 9.1 Hadoop distributed file system architecture.

33 9.2 Hadoop distributed file system reading process.

34 9.3 Hadoop distributed file system write process.

35 9.4 MapReduce procedure.

36 9.5 Applications run natively in Hadoop.

37 9.6 Hadoop 1 verus Hadoop 2 w/YARN.

38 9.7 YARN architecture.

39 9.8 ApplicationMaster.

40 10.1 Auditing classification.

41 10.2 Schematic diagram of auditing concept.

42 10.3 Cloud auditing service.

43 10.4 Transaction between cloud server and auditor: generation of security tags between TPA and cloud storage during auditing.

44 11.1 Third-party enabling auditing services.

45 11.2 Cloud computing economics.

46 12.1 Taxonomy tree for disease.

47 12.2 Flowchart of genetic algorithm.

48 13.1 Combination of cloud computing and wireless sensor networks.

49 14.1 Mobile cloud computing.

50 14.2 The architecture of mobile cloud computing.

51 14.3 The difference between cloud computing and mobile computing.

52 14.4 Mobile cloud applications.

53 15.1 The six Vs of big data.

54 15.2 Big data vs. cloud computing

55 16.1 Layered architecture of CloudSim simulator.

56 16.2 Class diagram of CloudSim.

57 16.3 Flow of communications among CloudSim entities.

58 17.1 OpenFaaS.

59 17.2 OpenFaaS architecture.

60 17.3 One host setup for the test cluster.

61 17.4 Multiple host setup for the test cluster.

62 17.5 Kubernetes OpenFaaS.

63 17.6 OpenShift client tools.

64 18.1 Sunstone login form.

65 18.2 Change password of oneadmin or other users.

66 18.3 Add worker node as host.

67 18.4 Apps that can be downloaded.

68 18.5 Available images that were downloaded.

69 18.6 VM templates.

70 18.7 Running VM.

71 18.8 Accessing the VM via VNC.

72 19.1 OpenStack architecture.

73 19.2 OpenStack object storage.

74 19.3 OpenStack logical architecture.

75 19.4 Hardware requirements.

76 19.5 Networking option 1: Provider networks.

77 19.6 Networking option 2: Self-service networks.

78 20.1 Eucalyptus architecture.

79 20.2 Eucalyptus components.

80 20.3 Eucalyptus services placement.

1 1.1 A comparison-based study of cluster, grid and cloud.

2 2.1 Shared responsibility model for security of cloud computing.

3 3.1 Workflow tools in cloud computing.

4 4.1 Traditional computing vs. cloud computing.

5 8.1 A comparison of ACID-based and NoACID-based cloud databases.

6 10.1 Auditing algorithms and services.

7 12.1 Comparative analysis of strengths and limitations of some of the existing security schemes.

8 19.1 OpenStack vs. AWS.

This book discusses the evolution of cloud computing through grid computing and cluster computing. The main purpose of this book is to include all the cloud-related technologies in a single platform, so that undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, academicians, and those in industry can easily understand the cloud-based ecosystems. This book will take the reader on a journey that begins with understanding the cloud infrastructure paradigm in cloud-enabled technologies and how it can be applied in various ways. It will help researchers and practitioners to understand grid and distributed computing, cloud infrastructure, virtual machine, virtualization, live migration, scheduling techniques, auditing concept, security and privacy, business models, and case studies through the state-of-the-art in cloud computing countermeasures.