Jonathan Watts - When a Billion Chinese Jump

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When a Billion Chinese Jump Asian environmental correspondent for the Guardian, Watts travels to the four corners of China, from the southwest Himalayan region, rebranded as “Shangri-la” to attract tourists, to Xanadu (Shangdu) in Inner Mongolia, exploring how Beijing is balancing economic growth with sustainability and whether China will “emerge as the world’s first green superpower” or tip our species “over the environmental precipice.” What he finds is both hopeful and disturbing. Wildlife refuges, rather than focusing on biodiversity, breed animals for meat and traditional remedies like black bear bile. The city of Ordos plans to build a huge wind farm and solar plant, but these benefits are offset by its coal-liquification mine, “an environmentalist's worst nightmare” of greenhouse gases and water exploitation. The Chinese dictatorship, envied by other nations for its ability to enact environmental changes without the slow democratic process, turns out to be ineffective, with power lying with developers and local bureaucracies. Readers interested in global warming will appreciate the firsthand information about China, and Watts’s travels are so extensive and China is changing so fast, some material is likely to be fresh and new even for Sinologists.
Starred Review
From Publishers Weekly
From Booklist Watts, an environmental correspondent for the Guardian, moved to Beijing in 2003 and found himself in the midst of an environmental crisis. Traveling through the vast land, Watts witnessed the toll that dams and railways take on the mountains of Tibet, and took part in an expedition to locate the last of a dwindling dolphin species known as the baiji, which was declared extinct after the search failed to turn up even a single one. He saw where Western waste—everything from computer hard drives to hotel welcome mats—piled up to be recycled in Guangdong and witnessed the suffering of people afflicted with cancer and AIDS in overcrowded Henan province. This stands in stark contrast to the luxuries of modernized cities, such as Shanghai, or even industrial villages like Huaxi, where citizens enjoy higher standards of living, in exchange for handing their paper wealth over to the authorities. Watts also meets forward-looking thinkers, such as Li Can, a professor working on solar power. Watts’ comprehensive, revealing study is eye-opening, not only for the way it illuminates how China’s population growth and rapid modernization affect the environment, but also for its exposure of the way Western waste contributes to the problem.
—Kristine Huntley

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Shandong Agricultural University, 251

Shangdu (Xanadu), Inner Mongolia, 312–17

Shanghai, 130–48, 156, 183, 234, 324

Shangri-La, 4, 5–10

Shanxi Province, 172–76, 177–79, 180, 183, 184, 185, 296

Shenhua, 309, 310

Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 234–38, 320

Sheri Liao, 305

Shi Zhengrong, 229–30

Shougang, 233

Shu Geping, 310

Shuilian wetland reserve, 288–89

Sichuan earthquake, 43–48, 59–61

Sichuan Province, 44, 57, 58, 67, 217, 218

Silent Spring (Carson), 276

Sinohydro, 46–47

Sky Train (Golmud-Lhasa railway), 24–40

Smith, Adam, 87

smog, 95, 153, 157, 172, 174, 179, 180–82, 193, 212, 251, 296, 320, 323

solar energy, 95, 112, 188, 213, 226, 229–30, 235, 237–38, 246, 258, 271, 308, 321

Sonam Dorjee, 32

Song Jian, 159

Song Wei, 127

Song dynasty, 180

Songhua River, 45, 269, 275–77 “Song of the Lumberjacks,” 278–79

South Korea, 85, 109, 114, 239, 245, 267–68, 296, 299, 318, 320

South-North Water Diversion Project, 53–55, 109, 195, 322

steel industry, 104, 172, 233

Stewart, Brent, 78

Still Life (film), 50

Sun Feng, 195–96

Sun Yat-sen, 50

Suntech, 112, 229–30

Tai, Cindy, 140–41

Taishan mountain, 251–52

Taiwan, 109, 135, 138, 245, 296, 320

Tan Changhu, 266–67

Tang Xiyang, 195, 305

Tangwanghe national park, 282–83

Taoism, 5, 11–12, 13, 45, 46, 53, 57, 202, 221, 251, 254, 257, 303–5, 326

Tesco, 83, 86, 133

Theroux, Paul, 30

Three Emperors, 12

Three Gorges Dam, 43, 47, 50–53, 58, 59–60, 121, 125, 219, 220

Three Parallel Rivers National Park, 14

Tianjin city, 124, 230–31, 234, 235, 272, 293, 320

Tianjin Binhai New Area, 231–32

Tian Mountains, 205, 208, 217

Tibet, 10, 25, 27–31, 33, 35–41, 217, 289, 298, 301

Tibetan Buddhism, 7, 20, 22–23, 31, 289

Tibetan ethnic minority, 13, 14

Tibetan medicine, 72

Tibetan Plateau, 18–19, 23, 24–40, 77

tigers, wildlife park for, 69–72

timber imports, 287–88

tourism, 9, 16, 32, 35, 41, 69, 70, 269–70, 301

traditional medicine, 68–69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 284

Trans-Siberian railway, 278

tree-planting projects, 200–201, 253–55, 279–80

Turpan Depression, 217, 218, 219–21

Turvey, Samuel, 63, 79

Uighur ethnic group, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 218, 220

UNESCO, 284, 289

UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 37, 46, 287

Urumqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, 178, 205, 206–9, 218–19

Urumqi Number One ice field, 206, 214, 222

Wal-Mart, 83, 85, 133

Wan Gang, 226–27, 228

Wang Canfa, 300

Wang Ding, 64, 65, 78

Wang Fangbin, 49, 59–60

Wang Meng, 231, 232

Wang Qiang, 25–26, 27

Wang Shiduo, 166

Wang Song, 75, 281–82

Wang Taiyue, 180–81

Wang Tao, 200–201, 202

Wang Tianliang, 308–9

Wang Zhenxin, 237–39

wastewater treatment, 95, 110, 125, 156, 160, 168, 241, 245, 263

water, as an element, 46

water diversion projects, 53–56, 109, 195–96, 221

water shortages, 54, 56, 187–88, 195–96, 320

water treatment plants, 231–32, 276

Watts, Alan, 87

weather modification, 197–99

Wen Bo, 245–46, 287–88

Wen Jiabao, 52, 219, 220, 232, 260, 290, 291, 299, 322

wetlands conservation, 272–74, 275, 288–89, 292–93

Who Will Feed China? (Brown), 261

Wild Yak Brigade, 32

wildlife conservation

background to development of, 67–68

breeding programs for, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70–71, 72–73, 74–77

chirus and, 38–39, 77

cultural values and, 68

economic development policy and, 67, 68, 77

economic factors affecting, 70–71, 75, 77

failure of government policy in, 76–78, 288–92

farms and reserves for, 69–75, 291

Genghis Khan and, 295

laws supporting, 72, 73

political aspects of, 38, 39, 66–67, 73

public support for, 76, 77

release programs and, 70, 75–76

in Tibet, 32, 38–39

Wildlife Conservation Society, 77, 289

wildlife trade, 92–93, 288

Wilson, E. O., 73

wind technology, 227, 229, 231, 245, 246, 296, 308, 317, 321

Wolf Totem (Jiang), 305–7

Wolong Nature Reserve, 73–76

World Bank, 30, 114, 160, 179, 273, 274, 283

World Council of Faiths, 28

World Health Organization, 14, 179

World Wide Fund for Nature, 75, 264, 281

Wu Cheng’en, 217

Wu Dengming, 126

Wu Lihong, 301

Wu Renbao, 101–3, 115

Wu Xie’en, 115

Xanadu (Shangdu), Inner Mongolia, 312–17

Xia Deren, 245

Xiao Wei, 302

Xiao Yunhan, 184–85

Xiao Ziniu, 34, 216

Xie Baoxing, 243

Xie Yan, 77, 289, 305

Xie Zhenhua, 276

Xinhua News Agency, 9, 31, 35, 39, 44, 52

Xinjiang autonomous region, 205, 206–22, 228

Xiongsen Bear and Tiger Mountain Village, 69–72

Xuan Ke, 7–10

Yading, Sichuan Province, 18, 21–22

Yalong Zangbo River, 40

Yan Lianke, 161–62

Yangtze dolphins (baiji), 62–66, 78–80

Yangtze finless porpoises, 66

Yangtze River, 14, 40, 42, 45, 47–48, 50–51, 53–54, 55, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 78–79, 125

Yangtze softshell turtle, 76

Yao Tandong, 36

Ye Kelian, 108, 109

Yellow River, 40, 45, 53–55, 58, 154, 162, 191–97, 200, 202, 203, 250, 251, 276, 296, 311

Yezong Zuomu, 22–23

Yin Mingshan, 121–22

Yingxiu, Sichuan Province, 48, 59–60, 61

Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 106–7

Younghusband, Francis, 27–28, 41, 207

Yu Dan, 303–4

Yu Kongjian, 11, 235–36

Yu Xiubo, 196–97

Yuan dynasty, 313, 314

Yue-Sai, Kan, 144–48

Yugong Yishan fable, 24–25

Yunnan Province, 3, 4, 6–7, 8, 10, 13–19, 22, 57, 58, 92, 102, 218, 295, 301, 314

Zeng Lei, 127

Zeren Pingcuo, 4–5

Zha Xi, 32

Zhang Enzi, 215

Zhang Hemin, 73–75

Zhang Huijia, Emily, 135–37, 138, 139, 140

Zhang Qiwen, 253–55, 321

Zhang Yin, 85

Zhao Qikun, 77

Zhao Songling, 204, 206, 215

Zhejiang Province, 104–9, 110–12, 113, 114, 218

Zheng, Eddy, 90

Zhongdian, Yunnan Province, 8, 9, 15–16

Zhongnanhai, Beijing, 321

Zhou Enlai, 167

Zhou Mingjiang, 262, 263

Zhou Shengxian, 110

Zhou Weisen, 70–71

Zhu Gangkun, 205

Zhu Rongji, 279, 291

Zhuangzi, 11–12, 257, 304

Zipingpu Dam, 43–44, 45, 47, 48, 60–61

Zou Xiaoping, 121

Praise for When a Billion Chinese Jump

“This is the book on China and climate change that the West has been waiting for. Watts uses his long experience of China to track the country’s environmental calamity up close, uncovering its causes, its contradictions and its shocking human toll. Then he poses perhaps the most seminal question of all—can it save itself and, by extension, the planet?”

—James Kynge, author of China Shakes the World

“The world’s chance of avoiding catastrophic climate change rests in large part with decisions being made today in Beijing. If China raises its standard of living to Western standards without controlling the emissions from industry and power plants, it will wreak havoc with the world’s climate—with unforeseeable and irreversible consequences. If it takes the road now opening up to a low-carbon economy and leads the world in developing and deploying clean energy technologies, it can show the way to a sustainable future for the planet. Jonathan Watts turns a keen eye on China’s choices—previously made and yet to come—that will affect us all.”

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